fungal disease

which of th efollowing is the most common fungal infection in the united states?
1. coccidiodomycosis
2. histoplasmosis
3. san Joaquin valley disease
4. blastomycosis

incidence of histoplasmosis is especially high in which of the following area(s)?
1. arizona
2. mississippi
3. nevada
4. texas

the condtion called desert bumps, desert arthritis, or desert rheumatism is associated with which fungal disorder?
1. ohio valley fever
2. blastomycosis
3. coccidiodomycosis
4. aspergilliosis

which of the following is or are used to treat fungal disease:
1. streptomycin
2. amphotericin B
3. penicillin G
4. itracanazole

which of the following forms of histoplasmosis is characterized by healed lesions in the hilar lymph nodes as well as a positive histoplasmin skin test response?
1. disseminated infection
2. latent asymptomatic disease
3. chronic histoplasmosis
4. self limiting primary disease

a frothy yeast like substance is caused by

what comes in and moves into the infected areas to engulf the fungal spores

rfungal spores ae widely distributed thruout
1. air
2. soil
3. fomites
4. animals

how many fungal species may be linked to disease in animals
1. 100
2. 200
3. 300

what can be seen in severe cases of fungal disease:

1. tissue necrosis
2. granulomas
3. cavity formation
 

histoplasma capsulatum source of infection comes from what

Histoplasmosis
infection course: true or false
1. initial phase is controlled by macrophages
2. spores are inhaled, travel to lymph nodes at hilum and mediastinum, and spreads from lungs, lymph to liver, spleen and marrow

Histoplamisis
second phase is controlled by cellular immunity  true or false
1. occurs 10-14 days after spore inhalation
2. infected sites necrose, caseate, and fibrose
3. calcified granulomas within few yrs
4. disseminated infection if cellular immunity defect

who are at risk for disseminated infection
1. infants and young children
2. intense exposure to airborne spores
3. immunocomprimised patients 

when would consider immunocompromised patients:
1. undifferentiated fever
2. pneumonia
3. mucocutaneous disease

endemic areas are

endemic cities are

diagnosis in sputum culture requires
1. 2 mths
2. 2-6wks growth
3. 1 day

skin test diagnosis is 80-90% endemic area will test positive true or false

is it difficult to obtain sputum

fungal stain is how much accurate:
1. 10%
2. 50%
3. 100%

what are the round thin walled cells called when spores are inhaled, settle in lungs and begin to germinate

what are speric fungi carried by wind borne dust particles called

 coccidiodoidomycosis fungus can be isolated from

if you get thrush (candida albicans) in the mouth what kind of treatment can be used after giving steroid

extrapulmonary lesions commonly involve
1. skin
2. bones
3. reproductive tract,
4. spleen, liver, kidney
5 prostate gland

Does dissemination cause arthritis and osteomyelitis and involve CNS (headache, convulsions, coma, and mental confusion

symptoms of histoplasmosis involve
1. non-productive cough
2. dyspnea
3. dyspna
4. headache
5. malaise
6. diaphoresis
7. weight loss

signs of histoplasmos are
1. hepatomegaly
2. splenomegaly
3. adenopathy
4. erythema nodosum
5. erythema multiforme

symptoms similar to TB in chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis are
1. productive cough
2. fever
3. night sweats
4. cavity formation

disseminated histoplasmosis can harm:
1. 80% immunocompromised
2. nearly any part of the body
3. be fatal if untreated