Chapter 5

comprises each gene: genetic material that regulates activities of the cell

incomplete expansion (of a lung or a portion of a lung)

a localized collection of pus

diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi

largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally located.  It contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is the control center of the cell

new growth (of abnormal tissue or tumor)

superior to the umbilical region, generally above the stomach

pertaining to two (2) sides

invasion into the skin and hair by lice

slit or cracklike sore in the skin

loss of hair

instrument used for visual examination

• highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop
• also called whooping cough

able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position

to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

• process of recording many (tests) during sleep
• performed to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea

lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

• serves as food and air passageway
• air enters from the nasal cavities and passes through the pharynx to the larynx
• food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus
• also called the throat

lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity

lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth

• location of the vocal cords
• air enters from the pharynx
• also called the voice box
• *identified externally by the "Adam's apple"

• flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx
• keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing
• think of a trashcan lid

• passageway for air to the bronchi
• also called the windpipe

• one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides
• the branchlings resemble a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree

• smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
• *the bronchioles branch to form microscopic tubes called alveolar ducts. It is from these ducts that the alveoli—clusters of millions of minute air sacs—arise

• air sacs at the end of the bronchioles
• oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries

• two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity
• the right lung consists of three (3) lobes
• the left lung only has two (2) lobes (because there is not enough room because of the heart)

• double-folded serous (pertaining to serum) membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid
• *this folds over to also form the lining of the chest wall. The space separating the layers of the pleura contains a small amount of fluid that helps to keep the lungs inflated and to lubricate the lungs as they expand and contract during breathing.
• the inner wall is the visceral pleura (visceral means pertaining to internal organs)
• the outer wall is the parietal pleura (parietal means to wall off)

• muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
• it aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out
• *actually two smaller convex domes, not a single large dome, when they are in a relaxed state they are convex shaped, when they are in use (contracting) they flatten out

• space between the lungs (*it is the central portion of the chest cavity)
• in contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels and other structures

combining form

adenoids

combining form

alveolus

combining form (2)

bronchus

combining form

diaphragm

combining form


epiglottis

combining form

larynx

combining form

lobe

combining form(2)

nose

combining form

pharynx

combining form

pleura

combining form (3)

lung, air

combining form

lung

combining form

septum (wall off, fence)

combining form

sinus

combining form

thorax (chest)

combining form

tonsil

combining form

trachea

combining form

imperfect, incomplete

combining form

carbon dioxide

combining form (2)

blood

combining form

mucus

*remember this spelling refers to the actual thick slimy fluid

combining form

straight

combining form (2)

oxygen

combining form

sound, voice

combining form

pus

combining form

sleep

breathe, breathing

prefix (2)

absence of, without

prefix

within

*intra- also means within

prefix

normal good

prefix

all, total

prefix

many, much

prefix

fast, rapid

suffix

pain

• suffix (3)
•               (not al,ic,ous,ior)

• pertaining to
•  

suffix

hernia or protusion

suffix

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle)

suffix

• stretching out
• dilation
• expansion

suffix

blood condition

suffix

• process of recording
• radiographic imaging

suffix

instrument used to measure

suffix

measurement

• suffix
• surgical fixation
• suspension

suffix

breathing

suffix

rapid flow of blood

suffix

instrument used for visual examination

pertaining to visual examination

suffix

visual examination

suffix

sudden involuntary muscle contraction (spasmodic contraction)

suffix

constriction or narrowing

suffix


creation of an artificial opening

suffix

chest

suffix

cut into or incision

• red blood cells
• RBC
• erythrocytes

• Internal respiration happens in body tissue; it is a drop-off of O₂ and a pick-up of CO₂
• involves L atrium and L ventricle, is de-oxyginated blood or rich in CO₂
• the internal respiration (exchange) takes place in the body

• External respiration happens in the lungs; it is a drop-off of CO₂ and a pick-up of O₂
• involves R atrium and R ventricle, is de-oxyginated blood or rich in CO₂
• the external respiration (exchange) takes place in the lungs

Think: O₂ comes to the lungs from outside (externally) and is deposited in the body (internally)

• ser- thin watery fluid
• -ous pertaining to

inflammation of the adenoids

inflammation of the alveolus

incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lung)

dilation of the bronchi

inflammation of the bronchi

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus

• diseased state of the bronchi and lungs
• usually caused by infection

hernia of the diaphragm

inflammation of the epiglottis

blood in the chest (pleural space)

inflammation of the larynx

• inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
• the acute form is called croup

• pertaining to the lobe(s)
• diseased state of the lung
• infection of one or more lobes of the lung

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

inflammation of all sinuses

inflammation of the pharynx

• inflammation of the pleura
• also called pleurisy

• hernia of the lung
• lung tissue protrudes through an opening in the chest

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

• diseases state of the lung
• the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus; as well as viruses; and fungi

inflammation of the lung

• air in the chest (pleural space), which causes collapse of the lung
• often a result of an open chest wound

• pertaining to (in) the lung
• new growth (tumor)

• pus in the chest (pleural space)
• also called empyema

inflammation of the (mucous membranes) nose

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

• rapid flow of blood from the nose
• also called epistaxis
• *nosebleed

pain in the chest

inflammation of the tonsils

inflammation of the trachea

narrowing of the trachea

in reference to disease means sharp, sudden, short, or severe

in reference to disease means a disease that continues for a long time

sudden attacks that come on quickly

Merriam Webster dictionary: a sudden attack or increase of symptoms of a disease (such as pain, coughing, shaking, etc.) that often occurs again and again

• a general term and not a specific diagnosis
• t is used to describe a history of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath
• in some people RAD may lead to asthma

• is the sudden outbreak of a flu that becomes very widespread, affecting a region, a continent, or the world
• examples are H1N1 swine flu and H5N1 avian flu

• respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury
• symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis
• also called adult respiratory distress syndrome

respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms (sudden attacks) of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks

• a progressive lung disease that restricts air flow, which makes breathing difficult
• chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main components of COPD
• it may also be caused by chronic asthmatic bronchitiis
• most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking

• fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body
• also called valley fever or cocci

serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema

• condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor (a harsh, shrill, or creaking noise)
• it may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body
• occurs mainly in children

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury to the nasal septum

stretching of lung tissue caused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity

• nosebleed
• synonymous with rhinorrhagia

• highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus
• also called flu

a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila

• repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing
• can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

• highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop
• also called whooping cough

fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles

• matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs
• can be fatal if of sufficient size or number
• blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremities are the most common source of emboli

• an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus
• most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs
• causes more deaths worldwide than any other infection disease even though it is preventable and curable

• infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx
• commonly called a cold

excision of the adenoids

surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids

surgical repair of a bronchus

excision of the larynx

surgical repair of the larynx

creation of an artificial opening into the larynx

incision of the larynx and trachea

excision of a lobe (of the lung)

surgical fixation of the pleura

incision of a lung and bronchus

excision of a lung

surgical repair of the nose

surgical repair of the (nasal) septum

incision into the (nasal) septum

incision of a sinus

• surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity
• also called thoracentesis

incision into the chest cavity

excision of the tonsils

surgical repair of the trachea

creation of an artificial opening into the trachea

incision of the trachea

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

visual examination of the bronchi

instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)

pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)

visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

visual examination of the larynx

instrument used for visual examination of the thorax

visual examination of the thorax

instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas)

instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood)

instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes)

a measurement of breathing (or lung volumes)

• process of recording many (test) during sleep
• performed to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea
• tests include: electrocardiography, electromyography, electroencephalography, air flow monitoring, and oximetry

comes from the lungs, not spit from salivary glands

• computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back
• performed to diagnose tumors, alscesses, and pleural effusion
• computed tomography is used to visualized other both parts such as the abdomen and the brain

• a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart
• also called a chest x-ray

• a nuclear medicine procedure performed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other conditions
• also called a lung scan

a test performed on sputum (not spit, comes from lungs) to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis

a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present

• a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung
• used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly

• a group of tests performed to measure breathing and used to determine respiratory function
• when abnormal, they are useful in distinguishing COPD from asthma

a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen n the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip

• the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethescope
• used for assessing and/or diagnosing conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart, and abdomen

• the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by sound obtained
• a dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space

• a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis
• PPD of the tuberculin bacillus is injected intradermally
• positive tests indicate previous exposure, not necessarily active tuberculosis
• also called TB skin test

• an instrument used to hear internal body sounds
• used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurements

condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)

pertaining to the alveolus

condition of absence (deficiency) of oxygen

condition of absence of voice

absence of breathing

pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli

spasmodic contraction of the bronchi

pertaining to the diaphragm

condition of difficult speaking (voice)

difficult breathing

pertaining to within the trachea

normal breathing

condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood)

excessive breathing

condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)

deficient breathing

condition of deficient oxygen in the blood

condition of deficient oxygen (to the tissues)

pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes

pertaining to the larynx

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

resembling mucus

pertaining to mucus

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position

pain in the diaphragm

spasm of the diaphragm

pertaining to the lungs

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung

• study of the lung
• a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung

discharge from the nose (as in a cold)

rapid breathing

pertaining to the chest (thorax)

• passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs,
• as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed

• deprivation of oxygen for tissue use
• suffocation

• to withdraw fluid or suction fluid
• also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

agent causing narrowing of the bronchi

agent causing bronchi to widen

sudden, noisy expulsion of air fro the lungs

sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body's gas exchange needs

containing both mucus and pus

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

an infection acquired during hospitalization

periodic, sudden attack

• open
• the opposite of closed or compromised
• thus allowing passage of air
• as in patent trachea and bronchi
• can be applied to any tubular passageway in the body, as in a patent artery, allowing passage of blood

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing