psych 7-8

  1. mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating information to others
    thinking (cogniton)
  2. mental representations that stand for objects or events and have a picture like quality
    mental images
  3. ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities
    concepts
  4. the most general form of a type of concept such as animal or fruit. superordinate refers to highest in standing or status
    superordinate concept
  5. an example of a type of concept around which other similiar concepts are organized such as dog cat or pear
    basic level type
  6. the most specific category of a concept such as ones pet dog or a pear in ones hand. subordinate refers to the lowest in status or standing
    subordinate concept
  7. concepts that are defined by specific rules or features
    formal concepts
  8. concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the real world
    nautral concepts
  9. an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept
    prototype
  10. process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways
    problem solving
  11. problem solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found
    trial and error
  12. very specific step by step procedures for solving certain types of problems
    algorithms
  13. an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps to narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. also known as rule of thumb
    heuristic
  14. assumption that any object or person sharing charcteristics with the members of a particular category is also a member of that category
    representative heuristic
  15. estimating the frequency or liklihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevent information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of related examples
    availability heuristic
  16. heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined and then steps are taken to reduce that difference
    means-end analysis
  17. a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions
    funcitonal fixedness
  18. the tendency for people to persist in using problem solving patterns that have worked for them in the past
    mental set
  19. the tendency to search for evidence that fits ones beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs
    confirmation bias
  20. the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways
    creativity
  21. type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer ising previous knowledge and logic
    convergent thinking
  22. type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas of possibilities based on that point
    divergent thinking
  23. the ability to learn from ones experiences acquire knowledge and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems
    intelligence
  24. the ability to reason and solve problems or general intelligence
    g factor
  25. the ability to excel in certain areas or specific intelligence
    s factor
  26. stembergs theory that there are three kinds of intelligence analytical creative and practicle
    triarchic theory of intelligence
  27. the ability to break problems down to the component parts or anaylisis for problem solving
    analytical intelligence
  28. the ability to deal with new a different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems
    creative intelligence
  29. the ability to use information to fet along in life and become successful
    practical intelligence
  30. a number representing a measure of intelligence resulting from the division of ones mental age by ones chronological age and then multiplying that quotient by 100
    intelligence quotient or IQ
  31. the tendancy of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is give to the same people
    reliability
  32. the degree to which a test actually measures what its supposed to measure
    validity
  33. a type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15
    deviation IQ scores
  34. intelligence comprises two different abilities g factor and s factor
    spearman's g factor
  35. overall intellifence comprises nine different types
    gardners multiple intelligence
  36. intelligence comprises three different aspects, analytical creative and practicle
    sternbergs triarch theory
  37. condition in which a persons behavior and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same age may also be referred to as developmentally delayed. this condition was formerly known as mental retardation
    intellectual disability
  38. t
  39. he two percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possesing an IQ of 130 or above
    gifted
  40. the awarness of and ability to manage ones own emotions as well as the ability to be self motivated, able to feel what others feel and socially skilled
    emotional intelligence
  41. a system for combining symbols such as words so that an unlimited number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others
    language
  42. the system of rules governing the structure and use of language
    grammar
  43. the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language
    grammar
  44. the system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentances
    syntax
  45. the smallest units of meaning within a language
    morphemes
  46. the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentances
    semantics
  47. the basic units of sound in language
    phonemes
  48. aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating
Author
sillychicken
ID
260111
Card Set
psych 7-8
Description
ch7-8
Updated