Chemistry Week 3

• Requires a balanced equation
• Use coefficients to balance

• Is it the cheese or the bread that limits the sandwiches?
• Has to do with population size (moles) NOT grams or weight

• M= moles
• Liter

• What is printed on the bottled
• Number of moles present in a certain volume of solution
• Concentration x Volume= Moles

(C_stock)(V_stock)= (C_want)(Volume_want)

• CxV=Moles
• MxV=Moles
• MolesxL= Moles

• PE
• PE=Mgh
• Convert to joules

• KE
• KE=1/2MV²
• Convert to Joules

mass

acceleration due to gravity

height of object

velocity

• C
• measure of how strongly molecules or atoms are bound
• C=Joules
• (Kg)C^o
• Large amount of heat to make temperatures rise 1^o = strong bond
• Reverse is true

specific heat

Joules

T_final-T_starting

C_water=4186 J/(Kg)C^o

Atoms in different configurations/ chemical structure

Molecules in different configurations

Numerical multiplier of all the atoms in th formula that follows it

M=g/mol

Sum of mass of atoms in formula

Statement in formulas that express the identities and quantities of the substances involved in a chemical or physical change.

A definite amount of one substance is formed from, produces or reacts with a definite amount of the other.

Amount of product that are actually obtained.

• Actual Yield X 100%
• Theortical Yield

Substance that conducts a current when dissolved in water

• When an acid reacts with a base
• Neutralization reaction

Produces H⁺ ions when disolved in water.

Produces OH^- ions when disolved in water

One solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution through monitored reaction.

All moles of the H⁺ ions (acids) react with same number of OH^- (base) ions.

When titration occures and when a tiny excess of OH^- (base) changes to its color

Thermodynamic variable

• Heat-out.
• Releases Heat
• Decreased
• (-)

• Heat-in
• Absorbs Heat
• Increase
• (+)

Quantity of heat required to change its tempurature by 1C^o

used to measure heat released/ abosrbed by a physical or chemical process.

• The enthalpy change of an overall process is the sum of the enthalpy changes.
• /\H + /\H₁= /\H₂
• A+B=C

• substance or compound that is added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction or is added to see if a
• reaction occurs

• What mass of ___ can be produced from _____
• 1) Find mole ration of what you NEED (eg 1 mole ----> 2mole
• 2) Find moles of substances
• 3) Divide both by the smallest to determine # of moles
• 4) Compare with need- that which is less than need is limited reagent

• 1) Balance the reaction and determine the stoichiometry or ratios of reactants to products.
• 2) Find the number of moles of each starting material used.
• 3) Determine which reagent is limiting.
• 4) Calculate the moles of product expected if the yield were 100% based on the limiting reagent. (moles x grams)
• 5) Calculate the grams of product corresponding to the number of moles expected.

Spreading out of solute

Volume of orginal solution + Volume of added solvent = Volume of diluted solution

• Sustances which undergo a detectable chage at the completeion of a seperate chemical reaction.
• Usually Acid-Base indicators undergo a color change at the completion of Acid-Base Titration

Dye extracted from the inner bark of a south american tree.

Chem Nursing Lecture

• Chemical
• Heat
• Electrical
• Mechanical
• Nuclear
• Light

Interconvertible

• When all of the PE can be converted to KE and vice versa
• Interconvertiblity

• System in which energy is lost
• Nonconservative

The study of heat flow or how energy is converted to useful heat and work

amount of heat when added to 1gram of water cause the temperature to rise 1^oC

• amount of heat added to specifically 1kilogram of a substance to raise its temperature 1^oC
• Specifies certain conditions
• Reversible (rising dropping)

• Specific Heat of metals, when multiplied by their molar mass is a constant.
• Implies that metals share the same type of bonding.

Reversible Reaction

Path Independent

• Standard Temperature and Pressure
• 0^oC (standard temperature)
• 1atm (standard pressure

• The physical state (gas, liquid or solid) in which an element or compount is found at:
• 25^oC (room temperature)
• 1atm (standard pressure)

Change in Enthalpy

Heat or Enthalpy of any Reaction

Measures the heat evolved in a chemical reaction