What was the first state to ratify the Constitution?
Delaware
Who formed the first political party?
Jerfferson
What was the first political party?
Democratic party
Who suggested the first national bank?
Hamilton
When was the French and Indian War?
1755-1763
When was the Boston Tea Party?
Dec 1773
What is significant about Marbury v. Madison?
Judicial Review
When was Federalism invented?
1787
The US created a constitutional democratic govt when?
1787
Limited Government
govt subject to strict limitations on its lawful uses of powers and hence on its ability to deprive people of their liberty
Self Government
govt based on the ppl and subject to their control
What were some ways Britain taxed the colonies while in war with France?
Stamp Act (repealed)-->Towsend Act (repealed all except tea)-->Boston Tea Party
First Continental Congress
called for
-free assembly
-an end to the British military occupation
-their own councils for the imposition of taxes
-trial by local juries
Who was Britain's king in 1775?
King George III
What started the American Revolution?
Lexington and Concord (the shot heard 'round the world)
What prompted the revision of the Articles of Confederation?
Shay's Rebellion
Virginia Plan aka
Large-State Plan
Virginia Plan
called for 2-chamber Congress that would have supreme authority in all areas "in which the separate states are incompetent," particularly in defense and interstate trade.
New Jersey Plan aka
Small-state plan
New Jersey Plan
called for a stronger nat'l gov't with the power to tax and to regulate commerce among the states
in most areas, though, the Articles would remain in effect.
each state would have ONE vote.
Great Compromise
compromise over the revision of the Articles of Confederation.
called for a bicameral/2-chamber Congress (HR and Senate)
bicameral
two-chambered
HR and Senate have how many votes?
HR-based on state population
Senate-based on an equal number of votes (two) for each state
North-South Compromise
agreement over economic and slavery issues
including 3/5ths compromise
Anti-Federalists
against Constitution
Anti-Federalists favored...over...
revision of the Articles of Confederation over a powerful nat'l gov't
Two dominant Federalists included
Madison and Hamilton
major goals of the Federalists were to establish a govt that...
was strong enough to meet the nation's needs
would not threaten the existence of the separate states
would not threaten liberty
was based on popular consent
grants of power
powers granted to nat'l gov't
separated institutions sharing powers
division of nat'l gov'ts power among 3 branches with checks and balances
What was the purpose in creating separated institutions sharing powers?
To avoid factions gaining full power.
Federalism
division of political authority between nat'l gov't and the states
Denials of power
powers expressly denied to the nat'l and state gov'ts by the Constitution.
Bill of Rights
First 10 Amendments
specify rights of citizens that the nat'l gov't must respect.
Judicial Review
power of the courts to declare gov'tal action null and void when it is found to vioalte the Const.
Elections
power of the voters to remove officials fm office.
Legislature Branch
Congress
Executive Branch
President
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court
Congress consists of...
House and Senate
representatives of House depend on...
size of state
representatives of Senate depend on...
2 from each state
Function of executive branch
enforces laws
appoints judges
veto bills
recommend legislations
function of legislative branch
makes laws
pass bills
override veto
impeach
approve treaties
function of judicial branch
interprets laws
declares laws unconstitutional
declares presidential actions unconstitutional
tyranny of the majority
great risk of having a popular govt
democracy (old def)
power of majority is unlimited, whether exercised directly or through a representative
republic (old def)
govt that is based on majority rule but protects the minority through a guarantee of indiv rights and other checks on majority power.
trustees
elected representatives who vote according to their own conscience as to what policies are in the best interests of the public.
delegates
elected representatives who are obligated to respond directly to the expressed opinions of the people they represent
electoral college
each state has as many electoral votes as it has members in Congress.
Primary election
select party nominees
President's method of selection and term of service
electoral college and 4 years
US Senator's method of selection and term of service
state legislature and 6 years (1/3 of senators' terms expire every 2 years)
US representative's method of selection and term of service
popular election and 2 years
federal judge's method of selection and term of service
nominated by president, approved by Senate and indefinite (subject to "good behavior")
T or F Since the Progressive era, no major structural changes have taken place in the process by which American elect their leaders.
True
Sovereignty
final authority
Federalism
the division of soverignty between the nat'l gov't and state gov't
Federalism is the result of...
political bargaining
Contemporary federalism tilts toward...due to...
nat'l authority due to the increased interdependence of Amer. soc.
Examples of national powers
national defense, currency, foreign affairs
concurrent powers
lend/borrow money, raise taxes, and transportation
state powers
education, public safety, registration and voting
confederacy
union in which the states alone are sovereign
unitary system
sovereignty is vested solely in the natl govt
enumerated powers
expressed powers
Article I of Constitution grants nat'l gov't...
17 enumerated powers
supremacy clause
natl law prevails over state laws when in its const limits
"necessary and proper" clause aka
elastic clause
"necessary and proper" clause
gives Congress the power to make all laws nec and proper for carrying out enumerated powers.
implied powers
the authority to take action that is not expressly authorized by the Const but that supports actions that are so authorized.
10th Amendment
reserved powers
reserved powers
powers granted to the States
Federalism progressed through 3 historical eras.
constitutions beginnings (1798) through end of civil war (1865)
dual federalism
laissez faire
dual federalism
a doctrine that says a precise separation of power and state power is both possible and desirable
Plessy v. Ferfuson
separate but equal ruling (segregation era)
laissez-faire capitalisim
business should be allowed to act w/o interference
commerce clause
Congress shall have the power to regulate commerce among the states and w/ other nations.
FDR's fed jobs program during Great Depression
New Deal
NIRA (Natl Industry Recovery Act)
Brown v. Board of Education
states could not require black children to attend separate public schools fm those attended by white children.
devolution
partial shift in authority fm fed govt to state and local govts
cooperative federalism
jointly funded, jointly adminstered, and jointly determined
fiscal federalism
the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through state and local govts
grants in aid
categorical grants
blocks grants
categorical grants
more restrictive and specific
block grants
less restrictive and more general
favored
Garcia v. San Antonio Authority
min wage
T or F Federalism was a pragmatic issue to the Framers, one to be decided by the nat'l needs rather than by inflexible rules.
