The flashcards below were created by user
Morgan_001
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
-
histology
study of tissues
-
4 Primary Tissue Types
- 1. Epithelial
- 2. Connective
- 3. Muscular
- 4. Nervous
-
5 Important Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues
- 1. Cellularity
- 2. Polarity
- 3. Attachment
- 4. Avascular but Innervated
- 5. Regeneration
-
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
- protection
- absorption
- filtration
- excretion
- secretion
- sensation
-
transitional epithelium
- usually bowed
- tolerate stretching and recoiling
- change appearance depending on stretching
- stratified
-
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- includes several cell types with varying shapes and functions
- *nuclei at different heights*
- only appear stratified
-
3 Basic Components of Connective tissue
- 1. Specialized Cells
- 2. Extracellular Protein
- 3. Ground Substance
-
What accounts for the majority of the volume in a cell?
matrix
-
Connective Tissue Functions
- binding and supporting (cartilage)
- protecting (cartilage and bone)
- insulating (adipose tissue)
- storing energy reserve (adipose/ bone marrow)
- transportation (blood)
- establishing structural framework (cartilage and bone)
-
3 General Categories of Connective Tissue
- 1. Connective Tissue Proper
- 2. Fluid Connective Tissue
- 3. Supporting Connective Tissue
-
function of connective tissue proper
build and maintain
-
fibroblasts
produce protein fibers
-
fibrocytes
- matured fibroblasts
- maintain protein fibers
-
-
-
temporary immune cells in connective tissue proper
- macrophages
- mast cells
- lymphocytes
- microphages
- melanocytes
-
3 Types of Fibers in Connective Tissue Proper
- 1. Collagen
- 2. Reticular
- 3. Elastic
-
Collagen Fiber
- long, straight, unbranched
- most common
- inflexible
- fibrous protein wound like rope
-
reticular protein
- branching interwoven network of fibers
- stroma
-
elastic
- elastic protein
- branched and wavy
- bounce back from distortion
-
types of loose connective tissue proper
- areolar
- adipose
- reticular
-
areolar
- least specialized
- loosely organized
- viscous ground substance
- elastic fibers
- return to original shape if distorted
- viscosity of molasses
-
Where are reticular fibers found?
liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
-
types of dense connective tissue proper
-
irregular
- thicker collagen fibers arranged irregularly
- run in more than 1 plane
- stresses in many directions
-
regular
- densely packed collagen fibers
- run parallel
- resist tension in one direction
- few cells other than fibroblasts
- poorly vascularized
- tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses
-
adipose tissue
- high concentration of lipid
- adipocytes make up majority of mass
- metabolically active
-
brown fat
- adipose tissue with lots of adipocytes with lots of mitochondria
- found in infants to help keep them warm because they can't shiver yet
-
2 types of fluid connective tissues
-
3 subdivisions of extracellular fluid
- 1. plasma
- 2. interstitial fluid
- 3. lymph
-
2 types of supporting connective tissues
-
3 major types of cartilage
- 1. hyaline
- 2. elastic
- 3. fibrocartilage
-
hyaline
- face, nose, ribs
- most common
- matrix appears glassy, blue-white
- stiff but flexible support
-
elastic
- hyaline but with many more elastic fibers
- tolerates distortion without damage
-
fibrocartilage
- resists compression
- prevents bone to bone contact
- limits movement
-
-
osteocytes
- well supplied by blood vessels
- canaliculi- channels for communication
-
3 types of muscle tissues
- 1. skeletal
- 2. cardiac
- 3. smooth
-
How do the 3 types of muscle organization differ?
in protein fiber organization
-
skeletal muscle
- long cells
- muscle fibers
- incapable of dividing
- produced by myosatellite cells
- striated appearance
-
cardiac muscle
- only in heart
- caridocytes
- 1-5 nuceli
- intercalated discs- junctions between cardiocytes
- smaller and shorter than skeletal
-
smooth muscle
- small cells with single nucleus
- can divide (the only type)
- different organization of fibers
- around hollow organs and in walls of blood vessels
- tapered at the end
-
nervous tissue
- specialized for conduction of electrical impulses
- 98% is concentrated in brain and spinal cord
-
3 types of membranes
- 1. cutaneous
- 2. mucous
- 3. serous
-
cutaneous membrane
- skin
- stratified squamous
- epithelium attached to dense irregular tissue proper
-
serous membrane
- heart, lungs, abdominal organs
- any opening that does not open to the outside
- simple squamous epithelium
- thin areolar loose connective on inside
-
tissue repair
- involves all 4 tissue types
- fibrosis- formation of scar tissue
|
|