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What are some advantages of being a multicellular organism?
- * specialized cells to take care of diff. func.
- * more energy to do other things
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Levels of complexity:
- 1. Atom, molecule, macromolecule
- 2. Cell.
- 3. Tissue
- 4. Organ
- 5. Organ System
- 6. Individual
- 7. Population
- 8. Community
- 9. Ecosystem
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7 Characteristics of Life:
- * Adapt to environment
- * Grow and Develop
- * Homeostatic
- * Reproduce
- * Respond to stimuli
- * Specialized subsystems
- * Use materials from environment
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3 Themes in Bio 214
- 1. Bioenergetics
- 2. Central Dogma of Molecule Biology
- 3. Structure/Function Paradigm
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Diversity of Cells:
- Function
- Size
- Shape
- Specific Chemical Composition
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Similarities of Cells:
- Basic chemistry
- Metabolic Pathways and energy conversion
- Specific substructures and functions
- expression of genetic information
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Basic features of all cells(6):
- Plasma membrane
- cytosol
- chromosomes
- DNA
- ribosomes
- All 4 classes of Marcromolecules
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Prokaryotes differences(5):
- No nucleus
- No membrane bound organelles
- typically 1-10um
- Circular DNA genome
- Cytoplasm bound only by plasma membrane
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Eukaryotic differences(5):
- Membrane bound nucleus
- numerous membrane bound organelles
- typically 10-100 um
- linear DNA chromosomes
- cytoplasm bound by PM and nuclear membrane
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Animal cell differences(4):
- Lysosome
- Centriole
- Extracellular matrix
- Tight and gap junctions and desmosomes
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Plant cell differences:
- Chloroplast
- Central Vacuole
- Cell Wall
- Plasmodesmata
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What plant and animal cells have in common(8):
- Cytoskeleton
- ER
- Intracellular junctions
- Golgi
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
- Peroxisomes
- Ribosomes
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3 Important parameters of microscopy:
- Contrast
- Magnification
- Resolution
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Why cells are small(4):
- metabolic requirements set upper limits on the size of cells
- Surface area increases by a factor of n2, volume increases by a factor of n3
- Surface area to volume ratio of a cell is critical
- Small cells have a greater surface area relative to volume
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