The junction of transverse and descending colon takes place at the ___________
splenic flexure
Anatomy review: junction of the transverse and descending colon is in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen anterior to the spleen
The first portion of the small intestine which is about 25cm long, is the _______
duodenum
anatomy review: The duodenum is the first section of the small bowel
The most common histologic type for small bowel cancer is
Adenocarcinoma
The curative treatment of choice for gastric carcinoma is ___________
Surgery
Surgery has the most promise for cure fro stomach cancers. They show slow response to chemotherapy and radiation
weight loss caused by physiological malabsorption of nutrients is _______
Cachexia
vomiting blood is called _____________
Hematemesis
difficulty swallowing is ____________
Dysphagia
true or false
Surgery is used more for tumors located in the upper third of the esophagus
False
True or False
The surgical procedure in which an incision is made through the abdominal wall to examine lymph nodes and establish disease extent is called an APR
False
The correct procedure is called an exploratory laparotomy.
An abdominal perineal resection (APR) resects the rectum and anus and installs an anterior colostomy.
Dietary factors associated with increased risk of gastric cancers are:
1._________________
2.________________
Low consumption of fruits & vegetables
High consumptions of salted & smoked foods
Three field technique for treatment for treatment of the rectum are weighted 2:1:1
PA:RT:LT
Total prescribed dose is 50Gy
The posterior field will contribution will be _____
25 Gy
A risk factor associated with colon cancer is
a history of colon polyps
Patients scheduled for radiation therapy to the upper esophagus will likely experience _________
dysphagia
In an anal cancer case, and electron boost will be required for the superficial inguinal nodes determined to be approximately 5cm deep from the anterior surface. The appropriate electron energy beam would be
15 MeV
To avoid excceding to dose limits of the kidneys the ___________ technique is often employed when treating the pancrease
3-field
MAC stage A for colorectal cancer correlates to the TNM stage ____
0
The esophagus is located __________ to the trachea
posterior
An out pouching or weakening of the intestinal wall most commonly seen in the large intestine is ______________
diverticulum
The longest segment of the normal human intestinal tract is the _______________
small bowel
What treatment field is this for:
L5 to margin on tumor out beyond the pelvic inlet
some small bowel
bladder
common iliac lymph nodes
internal & external iliac nodes and pelvic bone
Rectum
List some critical tissues in the rectal area
small bowel
bladder
bone marrow
What is the optimal position for treating the rectum?
prone with or without a belly board
immobilize lower extremity and pelvis
What is this the typical treatment field for?
From S1 to margin of tumor
wide enough to cover the inguinal nodes in the lower portion of the field.
some small bowel
rectum
Internal & external iliac & superficial inguinal nodes
Anus
List 3 critical structures in the anal area
small bowel
bladder
bone marrow
What treatment field is this the optimal set up for?
Supine for inguinal node boost
Frog Leg to decrease inguinal folds
Prone if no inguinal node boost
Prone or lithotomy for E-boost to tumor
Anus
the most common histologic type for cancer of the stomach is
Adenocarcinoma (95%)
The most common presenting symptoms of cancer of the stomach among the following is
Vague Epigastric discomfort
____________ is a common complaint of patients with esophageal carcinoma
Dysphagia
Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus are more frequently found in the lower ______ of the esophagus
1/3
What are the 3 most common sites of metastatsis of colon cancer ____, ____ & _____.
Liver, Lung, & Peritoneum
Radiation treatment fields for cancer of the ____ should include inguinal lymph nodes
Anus
Intense desquamation may occur in the gluteal fold during radiation therapy to the lower pelvis. Patients should be advised to _______________________.
gently pat the area dry after each toilet
Patients receiving radiation therapy to the lower esophagus will likely experience________
nausea
Intestinal tumors grow progressively through the layers of the intestines in the following order"
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
Which patient position helps reduce the volume of small bowel in the pelvis
prone
Which histologic type of small bowel cancer has the best prognosis?