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Level of organization
Chemicals, Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.
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Bilateral Symmetry
- Dividing the body into the middle.
- So each side is a mirror image of the other.
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Contralateral
Opposite side.
Left Arm, Right Leg. ETC
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Anatomical Position
Observer facing the Patient. Palms forward and feet spread
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Planes
transverse sagittalĀ coronal
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Transverse
Superior, Arterior position
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Coronal
Back side to the front, down the middle. Middle of the head,
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Abdominal
Anterior Torso Below Diaphragm
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Antecubital
Depressed area in front of the elbo
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Calcaneal
Heel of the foot
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Lumbar
Lower Parts of the back Between the Ribs and Pelvis
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Navel
Area around the navel, or umbillicus
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Occipital
Back of lower part of skull
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Pelvic
Lower portion of torso
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Perineal
Area between anus and genitals
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Popliteal
Area Behind the Knee
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Supraclavicular
Area above clavicle
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Integumentary
- Skin
- Protection, Temperature regulation, sensation
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Skeletal
- Bones, Ligaments
- Support, protection, movement, mineral, and fat storage, blood production
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Muscular
- Skeletal muscles, tendons
- Movement, Posture, heat production
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Nervious
- Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Sensory organs
- Control, regulation, and coordination of other systems, sensation, memory
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Endocrine
- Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids, and other glands.
- Control and regulation
Effects are slow to act but are long lasting
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Cardiovascular
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
Exchange and transport of materials
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Lymphatic
Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils
Immunity, fluid balance
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Respiratory System
Lungs, Bronchial tree, trachea, larynx, nasal cavity
Gas Exchange, acid base balance
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Digestive
Stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth, pancreas
- Breakdown and absorption of nutrients,
- elimination of waste
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Urinary
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Excretion of waiste, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid base balance
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Reproductive System
The only system we can live without
Male- Testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis
Female, overies, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts
Reproduction continuity of genetic information, nurturing of offspring
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Signs
Objective abnormalities that can be seen or measured by someone other than the patient
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Symptoms
Subjective abnormalities that are felt only by the patient
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Acute
Signs and symptoms appear suddenly, Persist for a short time, and than disappear
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Syndrome
Collection of different signs and symptoms that occur together
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Chronic
Disease that develop slowly and last for a long time
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Idiopathic
Diseases with undetermined causes
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Communicable
Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another
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Remission
Reversal of a chronic disease
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Epidemiology
The study of the occurrence, distribution and transmission of diseases in human populations
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Epidemic
A disease that spreads to many individuals in a relatively short time
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Pandemics
Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps world wide
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