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Solutions
A ____________ is a mixture in which one substance is evenly mixed with another substance.
A solution is a mixture in which one substance is evenly mixed with another substance.
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Solutions
How many parts does a solution have?
A solution has two parts...
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Solutions
The __________ is the part of the solution present in the smaller amount that gets dissolved.
The solute is the part of the solution present in the smaller amount that gets dissolved.
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Solutions
The ___________ is the part of the solution present in the larger amount that does the dissolving.
The solvent is the part of the solution present in the larger amount that does the dissolving.
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Solutions
Solutions are ______________ mixtures --- you cannot tell the difference between one part of the solution and the next.
Solutions are homogenous mixtures --- you cannot tell the difference between one part of the solution and the next.
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Solutions
________________ refers to how much solute there is in a given amount of solvent.
Concentration refers to how much solute there is in a given amount of solvent.
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Solutions
If there is very little solute in the solvent, the solution is _________________.
If there is very little solute in the solvent, the solution is diluted.
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Solutions
If there is a lot of solute dissolved in the solvent, the solution is __________________.
If there is a lot of solute dissolved in the solvent, the solution is concentrated.
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Types of Solutions
__________________ can be either unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated.
Solutions can be either unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated.
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Types of Solutions
The three types of solutions (unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated) are determined by how much _____________ is dissolved.
The three types of solutions (unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated) are determined by how much solute is dissolved.
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Types of Solutions
Unsaturated = NOT full - more ____________ will dissolve.
Unsaturated = NOT full - more solute will dissolve.
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Types of Solutions
Saturated = ________ - more solute will NOT dissolve.
Saturated = full - more solute will NOT dissolve.
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Types of Solutions
Supersaturated = overfull - can only happen in a ____________________ setting or by rapid heating and cooling.
Supersaturated = overfull - can only happen in a laboratory setting or by rapid heating and cooling.
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In a solution of sugar water:
What is the solute?
What is the solvent?
If more sugar will dissolve what type of solution is it?
In a solution of sugar water:
The solute is SUGAR.
The solvent is WATER.
If more sugar will dissolve what type of solution is it? Unsaturated.
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pH is a mathematical measurement of the ______________ ion concentration.
pH is a mathematical measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration.
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The more hydrogen there is in a solution the ___________ the acid is.
The more hydrogen there is in a solution the stronger the acid is.
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A pH of less than 7 is an ___________?
A pH of less than 7 is an acid.
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A pH of greater than 7 is a ___________?
A pH of greater than 7 is an Base.
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A pH of exactly 7 is __________ - neither an acid or a base.
A pH of exactly 7 is neutral - neither an acid or a base.
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Acids ___________ ____________ and react with most metals to produce a gas.
Acids taste sour and react with most metals to produce a gas.
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Acids contain ________ ions when dissolved in water.
Acids contain H+ ions when dissolved in water.
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The stronger the acid the ________ _____ ____ and the more hydrogen ions it contains.
The stronger the acid the lower the pH and the more hydrogen ions it contains.
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The formula for most acids will _______________ (HCI).
The formula for most acids will begin with H (HCI).
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Bases taste ___________ and are slippery.
Bases taste bitter and are slippery.
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Bases contain ______________ (OH) when dissolved in water.
Bases contain hydroxide (OH) when dissolved in water.
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The ______________ the base the higher the pH and the more hydroxide ions it contains.
The stronger the base the higher the pH and the more hydroxide ions it contains.
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The formula for most bases will __________________________. (NaOH)
The formula for most bases will OH -. (NaOH)
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Indicators Color in Acid Color in Base
Red litmus Red Blue
Blue litmus Red Blue
Phenolphthalein Colorless Pink
Hydrion Less than 7 Greater than 7
What color does red litmus turn in a base?
What color does Blue litmus turn in an acid?
What color does red litmus turn in an acid?
What color does blue litmus turn in a base?
Phenolphthalein has no color in an acid. What color does it turn in a base?
Hydrion has greater than 7 in a base. What does it have in an acid?
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Neutralization
_____________________ is a reaction between an acid and a base that produces a neutral solution (ph =7) in the end.
Neutralization is a reaction between an acid and a base that produces a neutral solution (ph =7) in the end.
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Neutralization is a ________________ replacement reaction.
Neutralization is a double replacement reaction.
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A neutralization reaction is….
Acid + Base _________ > Salt + Water
- Ex: HCl + NaOH __________> NaCl + H2O
- acid base sugar water
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Salt water is a solution formed when a _______ dissolves in a liquid.
Salt water is a solution formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid.
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List four substances that are solutions...
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Review the following types of solutions...
- air = gas/gas
- iced tea = solid/liquid
- diet coke = gas/liquid
- sugar water = solid/liquid
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Salt water is a solution formed when a solid dissolves in a ____________.
Salt water is a solution formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid.
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The following statements are TRUE:
- Salt is the solute in a saltwater solution.
- The Substance in which a solute dissolves is called a solvent.
- A substance may be soluble in one solvent and insoluble in a different solvent.
- Sour milk contains lactic acid.
- Acids release hydrogen ions when placed in water.
- Acids are proton donors.
- Lemons contain citric acid.
- The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to aid in digestion.
- Cement is NOT soluble in water.
- Sugar IS soluble in water.
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Soaps are made by chemically combining ______ with fats or oils.
Soaps are made by chemically combining bases with fats or oils
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Strong bases are dangerous to handle because they can _______ the skin.
Strong bases are dangerous to handle because they can burn the skin.
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Bases form when ________ react with water.
Bases form when metals react with water.
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______________ Hydroxide is a base used in Milk of Magnesia.
Magnesium Hydroxide is a base used in Milk of Magnesia.
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The base used in mortar is _____________ hydroxide.
The base used in mortar is Calcium hydroxide.
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The negative ion found in all bases is called a _____________ ion.
The negative ion found in all bases is called a Hydroxyl ion.
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Bases are ____________ acceptors.
Bases are proton acceptors.
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Describe an indicator...
An indicator is a chemical that changes color in acids or bases.
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Blue litmus paper turns red in _________.
Blue litmus paper turns red in acids.
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Define neutralization….
Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base.
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What type of reactions are neutralization reactions?
The reactions between an acid and a base forms a neutral substance.
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The strongest acid has a pH of 0.
What does the weakest acid have a pH of?
The weakest acid has a pH of 6.
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The strongest base has a pH of 14.
What does the weakest base have a pH of?
The weakest base has a pH of 8.
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Acids contain _______ ions.
Acids contain H+ ions
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Bases contain _______ ions.
Bases contain OH - ions.
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Phenolphthalein is ______________ in acid.
Phenolphthalein is colorless in acid.
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Phenolphthalein is ______________ in basic solution.
Phenolphthalein is pink or red in basic solution.
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