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What is perception?
How we make sense of our senses
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What influences perception? (5)
- Nature of stimulus
- Change, repetition, size, and intensity
- Background and surroundings of stimulus
- Previous experiences
- Personal feelings
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What is a defense mechanism?
Ways of dealing with a problem so it is less troublesome; are not harmful unless we rely on them
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Name the 7 types of defense mechanisms
- Fantasy
- Regression
- Rationalization (sweet lemons and sour grapes)
- Denial
- Projection
- Repression
- Reaction formation
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Repression
Pushing something out of conscience mind
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Denial
Denying the existence
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Rationalization
Coming up with reasons as to not accept the real reason
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Projection
Projecting bad qualities onto others
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Reaction formation
Taking extreme feelings and acting out the opposite
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Regression
When a problem cannot be dealt maturely, revert to childlike manners
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What is a neuroses?
Exaggerated defense mechanisms to deal with anxieties and life
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What is a psychoses?
More severe than neuroses; caused by organic and chemical damage
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Neuroses or psychoses: can deal with daily life
Neuroses
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Neuroses or psychoses: cannot deal with daily life
Psychoses
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Characteristics of neuroses
- Aware of problem
- Cannot cope but in touch with reality
- Do not hallucinate, delusion, personality change
- Understand problem
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Characteristics of psychoses
- unable to function normally
- unaware of problem
- lose touch with reality via hallucinations and delusions and personality shifts
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Name five types of neuroses
- Anxiety
- Hysterical reaction
- Phobias
- Obsessions
- Manias
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Name two types of psychoses
- Organic psychoses
- Functional psychoses
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Name three types of functional psychoses
- Manic depression
- Schizophrenia
- Personality disorders
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What's an organic psychoses?
Organic problems, vitamin deficiencies, poisons, damaged brain
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What's manic depression?
Super high to suicidal
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What's schizophrenia?
Lose contact with reality, live in fantasy, emotionally flat, hallucinations, delusions, illogical
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What are the four types of schiozphrenia?
- Simple
- Hebephrenic (child)
- Catatonic (stay still)
- Paranoid (persecution)
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What are the two types of personality disorders?
- Multiple
- Psychopathic (no conscience)
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What's the new definition of intelligence?
The ability to learn from past mistakes from biological inheritance and past experiences
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What is the old definition of intelligence?
Intelligence quotient: attempt to measure intellectual ability and probably success in school through standardized testing
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Who created the first standardized testing?
Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon (called the Simon Binet test)
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How do you calculate IQ?
mental age / chronological age x 100
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What IQ score labels you gifted? Slow learned?
120; 80
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What are the problems with labels such as gifted and slow learner?
- Gifted labels encouraged students & increased self confidence
- Teacher's expectations change because of label
- Teacher awarded higher marks
- Teacher paid more attention to them
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Why do minorities score lower in IQ tests?
- Experiences differ from those of test makers
- Poor
- Culturally based on middle class white Americans
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Name the weaknesses of IQ testing (6)
- Assuming IQ tests can measure intelligence
- IQ cannot be alterable
- Biased
- Doesn't measure other skills and abilities
- Doesn't consider subject's state of mind
- Label students incorrectly = self fulfilling prophecy
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What's the pigeon effect?
Test may sometimes label students incorrectly = self fulfilling prophecy
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What are the nine types of intelligences?
- Linguistic
- Musical
- Logical
- Spatial
- Bodily kinesthetic
- Intrapersonal
- Interpersonal
- Naturalist
- Existential
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What are some negative self fulfilling prophecies in the movie "Stand and Deliver"?
- Daughter about to be pulled out of school to work at the restaurant bs stupid
- Police stopping teenagers bc delinquints
- No summer school for kids - pointless
- No university; not gonna amount to anything slow learner
- Math department saying they can't learn calculus
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