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Bacterial exacerbations of Bronchitis caused by what bacteria can be treated with tetracyclines?
Chlamydia pneumonia
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Bacterial sinusitis caused by what bacteria can be treated with tetracyclines?
Chlamydia pneumonia
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What treatment consideration needs to be taken when treating Helicobacter pylori infections with tetracyclines?
Use in combo
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What is a common combination treatment for P. acne using tetracyclines?
Clindamycin orally and topical tetracyclines
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Tigecycline is a derivative of what tetracycline?
Minocycline
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Is Tigecycline a broad or narrow spectrum antibiotic?
Very broad
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What type of antibiotic is Tigecycline?
Glycylcycline
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What is the MOA of Tigecycline?
Same as Tetracyclines, Protein synthesis inhibitor
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Is Tigecycline bacteriostatic or cidal?
Static (just like tetracyclines)
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The adverse effects of Tigecycline are similar to tetracyclines, though one adverse effect is greatly enhanced, which is it?
Hepatotoxicity
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What are the main uses of Tigecycline?
Complicated intra-abdominal infections and Staph/Streptococci skin-related infections
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What important bacterial groups is Tigecycline not active against?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species and some various G-
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What is the route of administration of Tigecycline?
IV
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What is the half-life of Tigecycline?
40 hours
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Which antibiotic has a sweet smell to it?
Chloramphenicol
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Why is Chloramphenicol rarely used?
Many serious side effects
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Is Chloramphenicol broad or narrow spectrum?
Broad
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What major bacteria does Chloramphenicol treat?
G+ anaerobic cocci, Strep pneumonia, Rickettsiae, H. infienzae,Some bacteriodes, Salmonella typhi, N. meningitides
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What general categories of bacteria are treated by Chloramphenicol?
G+, G-, anaerobic, aerobic
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What is the MOA of Chloramphenicol?
Inhibits protein synthesis by bidning the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibiting peptidyl transferase, stopping AA linking
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What is a common laboratory use for Chloramphenicol?
Used to completely halt protein synthesis in microorganism
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Chloramphenicol effect s CYP450, does it inhibit or induce?
Inhibits
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What bone effect s does Chloramphenicol have?
Inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis in the bone marrow
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Would Chloramphenicol be useful in an extensive bone infection?
Yes
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Is Chloramphenicol lipid or water soluble?
Lipophilic
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What body fluids does Chloramphenicol distribute to?
All
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By what route is Chloramphenicol absorbed?
All routes
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What percent of Chloramphenicol is bound to plasma proteins?
50%
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What is the half-life of Chloramphenicol?
2 hours
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How is Chloramphenicol metabolize?
Metabolized to a glucuronide ( some excreted unchanged too)
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What are the major adverse effect sof Chloramphenicol?
Aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, neonatal toxicity, GI effects, rash, fever and Glossitis
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What is the occurrence rate of aplastic anemia (bone marrow suppression)?
1:20,000-40,000
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Is Chloramphenicol caused aplastic anemia reversible?
No and fatal
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Is Chloramphenicol caused aplastic anemia dose related?
No
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At what point after Chloramphenicol administration can aplastic anemia occur?
Wide range, can be months after use
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What happens when you have bone marrow suppression from Chloramphenicol, is it reversible?
Causes reduced RBC numbers, yes it is reversible
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What is neonatal toxicity (as caused by Chloramphenicol)?
Baby’s livers cannot glucuronadate Chloramphenicol, causing toxic buildup ( adults can get the same thing on too high a dose)
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What is Glossitis?
Inflammation of the tongue
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Why does Chloramphenicol cause glossitis?
Likely due to yeast infection type superinfections of the mouth
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What are the indications for Chloramphenicol?
Typhoid fever/ Rickettsiae, bacterial meningitis, Anaerobic infections (Rare, would likely use something else)
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