adults exam 1: set 2

• Bone injury: hematoma
• Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
• Bony Callus formation
• Remoldeling

• starts w/n 48 hours
• granulation replaces hematoma
• osteoblasts build web of collagen

• starts in 3-4 weeks
• new bone
• osteoclasts invade: reabsorb excess callus as it is replaced by mature bone

• 2-4 months for full repair
• plates/bars are laid down
• repaired along lines of stress

• Ca
• Vit D
• Alkaline Phosphatase= bld work for bone disease shows Inc Alk Phosph
• Decrease circulation (diabetes)
• No osteoporosis or infections

Dx test done to look at problems with spinal cord/column

pre= drug allergies to shelfish (dye)

• post=bedrest, HOB elevated
•  =fluids
•  =site checks Q1hr of the lumbar puncture

halo on bandage

D= loss of articulation of the bone ends in the joint cap

S= partial dislocation where bone ends still partially touch

• Risk for injury - Neurovascular compromise
• Acute pain - ice/heat, splint, NSAIDS
• Impaired Physical Mobility

repetition injurys

B= inflammation of the bursa

• Epi= inflamm of tendon at point of origin to bone
•  = tennis elbow

• CTS= carpal tunnel
•  = compression of median nerve and inflamm of synovial sheath
•  = Phalen test used to Dx

• c= total segment vs partial
• w= unstable vs stable
• s= closed vs open

• approxiate segments
• restore to nl position

fixation/alignment of segments

pins, rods, etc.

• a=fast ambulation
• d=surgery required

ORIF

cast, splint

• a= may not need surgery, may allow for more movement
•  = external fix (think Penny) may allow for more movement

• d= casts means slow ambulation
•  = ext. fix require surgery

• elevation
• rotation while drying
• pad skin edges
• pain control
• window or bivalve to relieve pressure
• nuerovasc changes (monito 5 p's)
• hotspots and draignage
• cool air to relieve itching

• short term
• low weight
• immoblize and align
• prevent ms spasms

do not use if they have a fracture

used for a hip fracture prior to surgery to prevent ms spasms

• long term
• infection risk
• more weight

• never remove weights
• provide surgery site care

auto= from pt

allo= from donor

sites= illiac crest or tibia

These are bone grafting terms

healing complications

d= abnl time but still <6 months

n= no heal w/n 6-9 months

m= growth of frag. of bone in a faulty position

Sx= high fever and chills, redness to ulceration and drainage

Tx= hygeine and aseptic practices, antibiotics

w/n a few hours or up to one week

• fat released
• fat breaks into f. acids, attracting platelets
• sm vessel occlusion
• ischemia

• Resp failure: hypoxia
•  = tachycardia, tachypnea, fever

LOC changes, seizures

• Petechiae; chest, upper arms, axilla
•   **Hallmark sign***

• recognize s & sx
• O2, ABG's
• corticosteroids for anti-inflamm

• poor fitting casts
• edema
• hemorrhage

w/n 1st 48 hours

• comp. synd
• inc. pressure traps nerves and vessels
• causes hypoxia, capilarry dilitation, edema, and necrosis

• severe pain
• cyanosis
• weakness
• parestesia (numbing)

• decompress fasciotomy
• antibiotics
• pain management

• proximal 1/3 of femur
•  -head, neck, trochanter region

• intercapsular
• vs
• extracapsular

• w/n joint
• head or neck of femur

Tx= Arthroplasty

• outside the joint
• trochanter region

Tx= ORIF

• No ADDUCTION
• Turn to UNAFFECTED side
• ambulate w/n 1st 24 hours
• no flexion >90 degrees (raised toilet seat)

• 8-12 inches on front of joint
• cut thru quadriceps and tendons

• Cord Decompression - 1
• and Airway stability

• C8= tetraplegia (quad)
• T1= paraplegia
• C1-3= cardio and resp. collapse
• C3-5= resp paralysis

• cause: massive vasodilation
• flaccid paralysis below injury
• Body temp at room temp
• BP-HypoTN, Pulse-Bradycardia

• SCI's at or above C-6
• triggered by stimulant that causes abd. discomfort, like a full bladder
• Neurologic Emergency
• BP- Sever HTN, Pulse- Bradycardia