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Oddishii
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What are the three behavioural sciences?
- Anthropology
- Sociology
- Psychology
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What is anthropology?
Deals with PHYSICAL and CULTURAL origins
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What is sociology?
Study societal factors
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What is psychology
Studies behavior of the individual
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what are the five processes of inquiry
- Identifying problems
- Develop a hypothesis
- Gather data
- Analyze data
- Conclusion
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What are the five ways to gather data
- Natural Observation
- Conducting a survey
- Experimenting
- Interview
- Consulting Records
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What are the subfields of anthropology (6)
- PHYSICAL
- Biology
- Primatology
- Forensic
- CULTURAL
- Ethnology
- Linguistic
- Archaeology
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How have woman influence psychology
- Post 1980s women were tested on
- Now psychology is dominantly woman
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What is Pavlov's theory of association
Classic conditioning
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What is classic conditioning
Ivan Pavlov did an experiment with his dog
- BEFORE CONDITIONING
- 1. He rang bell (unconditioned stimulus) Dog does not respond (unconditioned response)
- 2. Shows dog food (unconditioned stimulus), dog sees food, drools (unconditioned response)
- DURING CONDITIONING
- repeat step 1
- AFTER CONDITIONING
- 1. Rang bell (conditioned stimulus), dog drools (conditioned response)
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What is operant conditioning
- B.F. Skinner placed a rat in a cage. He runs around. When he hits a bar he gets good. At first rat doesn't care. After a while rat realizes that if it hits var it gets food (reward) and associated bar with good.
- Later bar = electrocution and rat associates it
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Who developed operant conditioning
B.F. Skinner
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Who developed classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
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Differences between classical conditioning and operand conditioning
- Operant conditioning requires the subject to operate in environment
- Operand conditioning has subject learn on its own
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In B.F Skinner's experiment, what was the bar pressing?
Operant behavior
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In B.F Skinner's experiment, what was the food?
Positive reinforcement
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In B.F Skinner's experiment, what was the shock?
Negative reinforcement
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What was Freud's mind theory?
There are three levels of our mind: ego, id, and super ego
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What is conscious and what's unconscious in Freud's theory?
- Conscious - ego
- Unconscious - id, super ego
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What is the ego?
Mediates id and super ego, makes final decision
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What is the id?
Little devil, wants pleasure in food, sleep, and sex in abundance, impulsive
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What is the superego?
Little angel, encourages you to do the right thing
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What's a Freudian slip?
Calling someone you like - id telling ego to listen
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What's an ulterior motive
Freud believed most of us had one but aren't aware of it because they're in the id)
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What are the five stages of Freud's Personal Development
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latency
- Genital
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What is the oral stage?
- Up to 18 months
- Babies put things in their mouth - let them or they will over eat, smoke, and be dependent on mum
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What is the anal stage?
- 18 months and three years
- Be proud of poop or they'll be anal
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What is the phallic stage
- 2-6
- Son likes mum, Oedipus complex, son is afraid of dad because he is big so he acts like his father. Develops super ego
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What is the latency stage
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What is the genital stage
- 12
- Struggle in id, increases sexual energy
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What are the three criticisms of Freud's theories
- Too asexual
- Focused on youth
- Based on females with mental illnesses
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Who developed the ego, id, and superego?
Sigmund Freud
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Who is the father of psychology?
Sigmund Freud
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Who creates the Cognitive Development theory?
Jean Piaget
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What did Jean Piaget create?
Cognitive Development Theory
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What did Jean Piaget believe?
Children learn by themselves cognitively
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What is stage one of Piaget's theory
Sensory Motor
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What is the sensory motor stage? (Piaget)
Baby begins to develop reflexive and primitive thought; improves senses and motor skills
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What is stage two of Piaget's theory
Preoperational stage
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What happens in the preoperational stage (Piaget)
- Develops language and numbers
- Ego centric
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What is stage three of Piaget's theory
The concrete observational stage
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What is the concrete operational stage?
- Problem solving
- Understands revers ability
- Sorts to realize it belongs in more than one category
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What is stage four of Piaget's theory
Formal operational stage
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What is the formal operational stage (Piaget)
Systematic analyzation and solving problems
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Similarities and differences with chimpanzees
- SIMILARITIES
- Uses tools
- Walks on two legs
- Hierarchal
- Alpha male
- Feels emotions
- Fights for power
- Capable of conflict
- DIFFERENCES
- Chimps walk on hands
- Appearance
- Communication
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What confirmed Anna Anderson to be Anastasia
- Same handwriting
- Relative recognizes her
- Same ear
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What didn't confirm Anna Anderson to be Anastasia
- Found mumbling in Polish
- DNA
- Couldn't figure out layout of palace
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What do the Pendang women do to their necks
Solid rings - goal is 32
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What do women in China do to their feet
Bind them
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Women of Ethiopia draw attention to their lips by
inserting a queen sized platea
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What do women in Cameroon do to emphasize their child birth abilities
Pad their pelvics
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Why did the custom of short hair for men occur?
Harder to grab in war
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In Middle Eastern countries, women have to cover
Everything except eyes
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Two universal appeals are
Youth and health
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How many days do men spend shaving
106
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What are the seven subfields of psychology
- Biological
- Psycho analytical
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
- Humanistic
- Evolutionary
- Socioculture
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What is Erik Erikson's theory?
Psycho Social development; how family shapes people from infancy to adulthood
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What are the eight stages of Erik Erikson's theory
- STAGE ONE: trust vs mistrust
- STAGE TWO: autonomy
- STAGE THREE: initiative vs guilt
- STAGE FOUR: industry vs inferiority
- STAGE FIVE: identity vs role confusion
- STAGE SIX: intimacy vs isolation
- STAGE SEVEN: generativity vs stagnation
- STAGE EIGHT: integrity vs despair
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What are Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning?
- Punishment and Obedience orientation
- Individualism and purpose
- Interpersonal norms
- Law and order orientation
- Community rights vs individual rights
- Universal ethical principals
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Physical
- Safety
- Belonging
- Self Esteem
- Self Actualization
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What is self actualization?
Personal growth and fulfillment, non conformist, socially compassionate, seeks no rewards
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What's the grumble theory
Never satisfied with what u have
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What are criticisms on Kohlberg's theories
- Tested on males
- Lies
- Farfetch'd
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