Biochemistry

Which of the following involves the transfer of one or more negatively charged particles or electrons?

Which of the following has the ability to increase the hydrogen ion concentration in water?

Which of the following has the ability to lower the hydrogen ion concentration in water?

Which type of bonds are between amino acids?

Which of the following involves the transfer of one or more positively charged units, protons, or hydrogen ions?

Which of the following is characteristic of a spontaneous reaction?

How many bases are found on the codon?

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase catalyzes the conversion of...

Which of the following is a product of Pyruvate and may enter the TCA cycle?

Purine Nitrogen is derived from ____ and is excreted as ____.

A ___ contains components that enable the solution to resist large changes in the pH when either acids are bases are added.

Which of the following refer to a collection of organic molecules of varying chemical composition, grouped on the basis of their solubility in nonpolar solvents?

Which of the following are lipids?

Which of the following is the formula for Palmitic Acid?

Which of the following if the formula for Stearic Acid?

tRNA is responsible for which of the following?

Which of the following relates to the hydronium ion concentration or the degree of acidity or basicity of a solution?

Which of the following molecules is Amphoteric (can act as a base/acid)?

Which glycosidic bonds are found in glycogen?

Which of the following depicts reverse transcriptase?

Lack of vitamin B12 results in a deficiency of

Which amino acid is converted in the intestine?

which of the following is the process where by fatty acids react with alcohols to form esters and water?

Which carbon source supplies the glycerol portion of triglyceride for lipogenesis?

Which of the following is a 4-carbon glucose precursor?

Which is not a product of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Which of the following is a neuropolysaccharide?

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes starch from cellulose?

the biosynthesis of cholesterol begins with____.

The reductive steps of fatty acid biosynthesis require

Which of the following is the final stage for complete metabolism of fat?

Which of the following is a significant intermediate in the Cytoplasmic Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids?

Free radicals are highly reactive substances that result from the ___ of lipids.

Which of the following are components of triglycerides?

Which of the following is a function of prostaglandins?

Homocystine is a product of the de-methylation of ____.

Which of the following is not an effect of the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?

To generate an unsaturated fatty acid, a saturated fatty acid must undergo____.

Following the action of lipoprotein lipase the very low-density lipoprotein remnant becomes___

Cholesterol is not a component of _____.

Which of the following lipids comprise the majority of dietary fats?

oxaloacetate is the alpha keto analog of ___

The catabolism of heme results in___

Which of the following processes convert Pyruvate to alanine

Which of the following nutrients forms a co-enzyme, which is used directly for amino acid Transamination?

Which of the following is a Catacholemine synthesized from tyrosine?

How many essential amino acids are aromatic?

thyroxine is derived from ____.

the enzyme which catalases the interconversation of UDP-Galactose with UDP Glucose is ___.

An enzyme that occurs in the liver but not in the brain or muscle tissue is ____.

The quaternary structure of hemoglobin refers to the___.

Which of the following amino acids have the greatest positive net charge at normal pH in the blood?

daily protein allowance for a person who weighs 80 kilograms is about ___

Which of the following is synthesized from pantothenic acid?

A pyridine-linked dehydrogenase contains which enzyme?

Which fatty acids does the body using Acetyl CoA residue synthesize?

What are the 3 essential fatty acids?

Oxidative Phosphorylation (ETS) generates approximately ___% of the ATP produced from glycolysis.

alpha ketogluerate is an intermediate in the ____ cycle.

In the following diagram of the tRNA, what portion carries the amino acid?

A loss of lipoprotein lipase results in ____

which of the following is an intermediate in the formation of palmitic acid from acetyl coA?

____ is the secondary messenger for epinephrine.

Which of the following is a sulfur containing amino acid?

Which of the following is initially involved in cholesterol synthesis?

Serotonin and niacin come from which amino acid?

Which of the following elements bind to ATP and make a negative complex?

A deficiency in essential amino acids create a ____ nitrogen balance due to ____ urea production and excretion.

Dietary intake of 10g of protein provides approximately how many kilocalories?

Which sugar is a ketohexose?

Which of the following is the end product in anaerobic glycolysis of skeletal muscle?

Which of the following hormones contain sulphur?

Which of the following is an endogenously produced carbohydrate polymerase comprised of repeating disaccharide units that contain glucosamide?

Which of the following carbohydrates (CHO) is a major component of DNA?

UDP Glucose is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of which of the following?

linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid in humans due to the body's inability to synthesize which fatty acid?

DNA synthesis is called which of the following?

Which of the following substances inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis?

Which of the following enzymes catalyze the degradation of purines?

Lactase dehydrogenase isoenzymes have the same ___.

what causes the formation of pyruvate and oxaloacetate from alanine and aspartame respectively?

Which of the following is a high-energy compound?

ornithine is an intermediate in which cycle?

Which of the following hormones inhibit fat mobilization?

The enzymatic hydrolysis of ___ produces maltose

which of the following carbohydrates (CHO) bi-product is derived from the Hexose Monophosphate Shunt?

What is the major extracellular cation that transmits impulses along an axon?

the major role of vitamin D is the regulation of absorption and metabolism of which of the following minerals?

most amino acid metabolism requires a co-enzyme provided by the bioactive form of which of the following nutrients?

Which of the following mechanisms cause the greatest loss of sterols?

poor appetite, increased pyruvic acid levels in the blood, irritability, tingling sensation and in-coordination of the arms and legs are due to which vitamin deficiency?

Hydrolysis of lactose yields which of the following?

Which co-enzyme is used with glutathione peroxidase?

a diet high in polyunsaturated fat needs what vitamin to combine to prevent free radicals?

antioxidants are ______
fat soluble vitamins______

NADH + H + 1/2 O2 molecule forms NAD+ ____. Which od the following completes the formula?

Which of the following contains an ester bond?

Which hormone is responsible for glycogenolysis in the liver?

Phosphate groups are transferred to other compounds from which enzyme?

cereal is low in which amino acid?

Ingested cholesterol travels from the digestive tract to the lover in the form of ___

which of the following bonds link the nucleotides in a DNA strand?

the major product of beta-oxidation is ___

the peptide linkage of any peptide bond is between the ___ of the amino acid and the ___ of another amino acid.

What are the constituents of a nucleotide?

Glycogen is a polysaccaride composed of many monosacharides held together by

Epinehrine causes the hydrolysis of glycogen. What will cause the cessation of this process and return to the synthesis of glycogen?

Which of the following substances yields the most energy per gram?

gluconeogenesis in the liver does not include which of the following?

Which of the following substances is most highly oxidized?

dietary lipids usually circulate in the body as ____

___ is an amino acid precursor of carnitine.

what nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not RNA?

From which vitamin is FAD derived?

Which is a ketone body produced from fasting?

What are the three different ketone bodies?

Which amino acid is not optically active?

which nitrogen source provides the majority of nitrogen found in purines?

glycerol is converted to glucose by which process?

carbon atoms for fatty acid biosynthesis are transported across the mitochondrial membrane into the cytoplasm in the form of __.

Which type of bond does ATPase break?

which of the following is responsible for producing endogenous triglycerides?

how do humans eliminate cholesterol?

which of the following is a polypeptide hormone?

what type of bonds are between amino acids?

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase catalyzes the conversion of acetyl CoA to ___

Which of the following is a product of pyruvate and may enter the TCA cycle?

Which of the following is tRNA responsible for?

which of the following glycosidic bonds are found in glycogen?

Which of the following depicts reverse transcriptase?

Lack of vitamin b12 results in a deficiency of which of the following?

which amino acid is converted in the intestine?

Which of the following carbon sources supply the glycerol portion of triglyceride for lipogenesis?

Which of the following is a 4 carbon glucose precusor?

Which of the following is not a product of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Which of the following is a Mucopolysaccharide?

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes starch from cellulose?

the biosynthesis of cholesterol begins with___

the reductive steps in fatty acid biosynthesis require____.

Which of the following is the last step in the complete metabolism of fat?

which of the following is a significant intermediate in the cytoplasm of fatty acids?

Free radicals are highly reactive substances, which result from the ___ of lipids.

Which of the following are components of triglycerides?

homocysteine is a product of the demethylation of ___

Which of the following is not an effect of the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?

to generate an unsaturated fatty acid, a saturated fatty acid must undergo __.

following the action of lipoprotien lipase the VLDL remnant becomes____.

cholesterol is not a component of which of the following foods?

which of the following lipids comprise the majority of dietary foods?

oxaloacetate is the alpha keto analog of ____.

the catabolism of heme is found in the formation of ___

Which of the following do not contribute directly to the total amino acid pool of the body?

which of the following processes convert pyruvic acid to alanine?

which of the following nutrients forms a coenzyme, which is used directly for amino acid transamination?

which of the following is a catecholamine synthesized from tyrosine?

How many amino acids are aromatic?

Which of the following enzymes catalyze the interconversion of UPD-Galactose with UPD Glucose

An enzyme that occurs in the liver but not in the brain or in muscle tissue is____

the quaternary structure of hemoglobin refers to which of the following?

Which of the following amino acids has the greatest positive net charge at normal pH?

the daily protein for a person weighing 80kg is about ___ grams.

Which of the following is synthesized from pantothenic acid?

a pyridine-linked dehydrogenase contains which enzyme?

purine nitrogen is derived from ___ and excreted as ____.

transcription RNA (tRNA) is responsible for___.

Which amino acid is converted to indol in the intestine?

components of the ETC are located in which region of the cell?

which of the following is a component of the ETC (electron transport chain)?

which of the following is an active form of folic acid?

which of the following minerals is a component of cytochrome-B?

The body converts B-carotene to retinol by which mechanism?

Which of the following processes bio-activates thiamine and pyroxidine?

the final stage of 1,25 dehydroxycholecalciferol (Vitamin D) occurs where?

the production of purine nucleotides the formal group was provided by ____.

What is synthesized by intestinal flora and becomes deficient due to antibiotic therapy and is a coenzyme for the carboxylation reaction?

NADPH contains which vitamin?

what vitamin is not valuable in preventing free radical damage in tissue?

which vitamin is required for the hydroxylation of the amino acid proline?

the function of nonsense codons includes which of the following?

which is the form of iron that is most readily absorbed in the intestinal tract?

which enzyme contains selenium?

phytate and oxalate inhibit the absorption of dietary____.

what is the primary end product of purine catabolism?

liver, dried fruit and molasses all contain ___.

during the production of purine nucleotides which of the following provide the formal group?

which of the following promote protein synthesis in humans?

which bonds hold complement base pairs of DNA double helix together?

the DNA of an organism, which contains 3% cytosine, contains ___% thiamine.

which of the following is mRNA guided protein synthesis?

transcription requires DNA to produce___

what is the primary end product of purine catabolism?

what promotes protein synthesis in humans?

gluconeogensis with lipolysis but no protein synthesis will lead to____.

Which is a keto sugar?

Which of the following hormones promote glycogen syntehsis in the liver and muscles?

Under resting conditions which of the following stimulates the synthesis of hepatic glycogenic enzymes?

Epinephrine affects adipose tissue by promoting which of the following

The high levels of ___ initiate the process of fat metabolism in adipose.

epinephrine is synthesized and secreted principally by the ___

the biosynthesis of testosterone utilizes ___

which of the following hormones increase lipogenesis?

which of the following is a pentose?

A noncompetitive inhibitor of an allosteric enzyme affects which of the following?

Which if the following is a polysaccharide?

which is the following is a hexose?

Which of the following would be affected by low levels of thiamine?

which amino acid is both essential and aromatic?

which of the following is a branch chain amino acid?

What makes up the color in the iris of the eye?

myoglobin is considered to be___.

the formula for 2-deoxyribose is ____.

which of the following has a transfer methal group?

how many kcalories are in 10g of fat?

D-glucos-1-phosphate + UTP = UDP Glucose +Pi?

alpha amylase is contained in the ___ which also secretes it

Which enzyme catalyzes the oxidation-reduction reaction?

B-oxidation od an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid yields ___ molecules of acetyl-coA

under fasting conditions which of the following stimulate the synthesis of hepatic glucogenolysis enzymes?

which of the following is found in DNA but not in RNA

which of the following does oxaloacetate become?

which of the following is produced in the skin

which of the following amino acids is deficient in corn?

which of the following is the most toxic fat-soluble vitamin?

which of the following amino acids is unnecessary if you have an ample amount of nicotinamide?

which of the following contains purines?

which of the following enzymes transforms hypoxathine to uric acid?

the symptoms of scurvy are produced by a ___

which of the following is a nucleotide?

which of the following substances transport fatty acids from cytoplasm to the mitochondria?

what is the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway?

which of the following is derived from the pentose phosphate pathway?

the pentose phosphate pathway provides___ for fatty acid synthesis

lipoprotein lipase has which of the following responsibilities?

during starvation glycerol can be converted to ___.

which of the following accomplishes the breakdown of triglycerides?

which of the following is a co-factor in the transamination reaction?

which of the following is a co-factor in carboxylation reaction?

which of the following causes beri beri?

which of the following is a dehydrogenase reaction?

which of the following has the most kcalories per gram?

which is not part of the urea cycle?

which of the following determines the charge of an amino acid?

acid and base amino acids make a quartenary structure utilizing which type of bonds?

which of the following is the most abundant substance in the cell membrane?

which has the greatest protein density?

which food has the greatest concentration of cholesterol?

which unsaturated fatty acid contains 2 carbon- carbon double bonds?

which coenzyme is responsible for converting methylmalonyl coA to succinyl coA?

niacin and riboflavin are coenzymes involved in which type of reaction?

hyperglycemia is closely associated with ___.

which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

which of the following is a coenzyme derived from riboflavin?

Cholesterol is converted to ___ by hepatic tissue.

which of the following is a keto hexose?

which is an intermediate in the formation of palmitic acid from acetyl coA?

which of the following is not an antioxidant?

which of the following is responsible for transportation of Fe in the blood?

hemoglobin contains ___

a 6 carbon can be converted to produce ___ acetyl coA

in gluconeogenesis pyruvate is carboxylated to ___.

what is the purpose of thiamin pyrophosphate in the pentose pathway?

which enzymatic activities are not in the pentose phosphate pathway?

which is found in gluconeogenesis but not in glycolysis?

niacin is derived from ___.

the substrate concentration, which gives us 1/2 Vmax, is ___.

what is the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor?

what is the function of tRNA?

pleated sheets are considered to be ____.

what type of bonds are seen with pleated sheets?

beta 1-4 bonds are found in which of the following?

which of the following is the intermediate in cholesterol synthesis?

which of the following has only 2 double carbons?

in phenylalanine --> tyrosine reaction what is the end product?

the primary function to the ETC is to?

if the ETC were uncoupled how would ATP production be affected?

which of the following is an aspartane?

which of the following is a zymogen?

___ is an amino acid precursor of carnitine?

from which vitamin is FAD derived?

Which of the following is a Ketone Body produced by fasting?

which of the following are monosaccarides?

which of the following are synthesized from the pentose phosphate shunt?

which of the following carries amino acids in protein synthesis?

NADH is a cofactor of which of the following?

A proteolytic enzyme is most likely to catalyze proteins by what means?

what is the first chemical reaction in the catabolism of amino acids?

sucrose does not contain which of the following?

glycolysis of which of the following produces glucose only?

What is the intermediate in the malate-aspartate shuttle?

during fatty acid synthesis acetyl coA is transported from the mitochondria to cytoplasm as?

ketone body synthesis takes place in the ___.

Which type of bond is found in RNA?

which amino acid is a precursor to nicotinic acid?

which molecule transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?

which amino acid is not found in DNA?

which is an essential aromatic amino acid?

in starvation the carbon atom in hepatic gluconeogenesis comes from ____.

disuse of which organ will directly impair the synthesis of urea?

what profoundly affects the utilization of carbohydrates?

which of the following will block the effects of biotin?

CoA is associated with which vitamin?

NADH is a cofactor in which of the following?

which of the following pairs are pyrimidines?

the stop and start codon must be ____.

glucagon and what other hormone have a similar effect on the liver?

Condroitin sulfate is a type of ___ which is commonly found in____.

hydrolysis of amylopectin results in which of the following end products?

which of the following carbohydrates s a soluble dietary fiber?

which of the following is a Kreb's cycle intermediate that occurs in the lowest concentration?

alpha amylase is found in which secretion?

in a free system which of the following may stimulate an endergonic reaction?

during aerobic glycolysis one molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of ___.

what is the process of synthesizing glucose from amino acids known as?

the first step in the synthesis of glucose from pyruvate is in the carboxylation of pyruvate to form ___.

which of the following is a krebs cycle intermediate?

pyruvate is converted to which of the following prior to entering the krebs cycle?

which of the following compounds is an intermediate in the synthesis of glucose from pyruvate?

which of the following is found in collagen?

the biosynthesis of FAD requires ____.

which of the following trace minerals is a component of the glucose tolerance factor?

gluconeogenesis in the liver does not include which of the following?

which of the following substances is the most highly oxidized?

acidic conditions

acidic conditions in the liver as a result of alcoholism are due to the build up of ____.

which of the following is the quickest to become rancid?

which of the following vitamin deficiencies is responsible for xerophthalmia?

which of the following prevents calcium absorption?

which of the following catalyzes the oxidation-reduction reaction?

beta-oxidation of an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid yields?

which of the following stimulates synthesis of hepatic glucogenic enzymes?

oxaloacetate becomes aspartate via which of the following reactions?

which of the following is an important adjunct for glucose?

oxidation of fatty acids yielding CO2 and water through beta-oxidation also goes through the ____ and ___.

Which of the following represents transcription?

If you ingest 200g of carbohydrates it will yield how many Kcalories?

Which of the following compounds is a component of NADPH and NADH?

which carbohydrate has RNA as its major component?

which of the following is necessary for the maintenance of RBC's?

which of the following vitamins is used for carboxylation reaction during gluconeogenesis?

glucose --> lactate productes which of the following?

the source of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis is the ___

which of the following amino acids is ketogenic?

HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in which of the following?

which of the following is a major source of calcium in humans?

which of the following minerals is an antioxidant?

an increase in which of the following minerals causes a decrease in blood pressure?

the intestines via ___ absorb dietary vitamin E.

due to liver storage and enteropathic recycling signs of a deficiency of which vitamin may not be visible for 5 or 6 years?

which of the following is a precursor to melatonin?

which of the following is a non-polar side chain?

which of the following are found in secondary protein structures?

which of the following bonds are found in lipids?

decarboxylation of acetoacetate yields ____.

which of the following is the reason that the TCA cycle cannot proceed under anaerobic conditions?

the most abundant polar compound of a cell membrane is the ___.

which of the following is not a natural triglyceride but is present in hydrogenated triglycerides?

protein is first broken down in which of the following structures of the body?

which amino acid is a precursor to serotonin?

which of the following states produces the most fatty acids?

after glycogen has been depleted from the body what is the source of carbon?

Which of the following is the highest energy compound?

which of the following is a negative allosteric inhibitor?

which substance supplies the primary fuel to the brain?

sucrose is made from which of the following combinations?

which vitamin is lethal is high doses?

which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

which of the following is a precursor to prostaglandin's?

which of the following indicates that an amino acid is nonessential?

which of the following is a pyrimidine?

which of the following is a purine?

which of the following is a branched chain amino acid?

what leads to ketone body synthesis?

if a substance contains 30% starch, 10% maltose, 10% lactose, 50% sucrose, what % is glucose, galactose, fructose?

in the electron transport chain (ETC) what contains copper?

in fatty acid biosynthesis which of the following requires NADPH?

which of the following affects growth factor?

in which process is glucagon converted to a monosacharide phosphate?

what is an isomer of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?

which of the following is a ketosugar?

which of the following are aldose sugars?

which of the following promotes glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle?

which of the following stimulates synthesis of hepatic glycogenic enzymes under resting condition?

epinephrine is synthesized and secreted by which of the following?

biosynthesis of testosterone utilizes which of the following?

which of the following is a polysaccahride?

which of the following are hexose sugars?

which of the following are branched chain amino acids?

which of the following is a single polypeptide in fast twitch muscle?

niacin and riboflavin are enzymes involved in which of the following?

which of the following is the co-enzyme form of riboflavin?

which of the following is used to break triglycerides down?

beta 1,4 bonds are associated with which of the following?

which of the following is an allosteric enzyme in liver gluconeogenesis?

which of the following does not use NADPH to make hydrogen?

which of the following carries the most cholesterol?

bilirubin is the degradation of which of the following?

which of the following is used in the urea cycle, but not stored in humans?

one molecule of glucose makes ___.

a deficiency in which of the follwing vitamins would cause neurological defects?

what is the final product if the hexose monophosphate shunt?

which of the following transports cholesterol to the liver?

which of the following is stored in the form of iron?

which of the following stimulates gluconeogenesis?

which of the following does fasting create?

the enzyme for glycolysis are found in which part of the cell?

which of the following is found in both glyolysis and gluconeogenesis?

pyruvate converts to lactate anaerobically by ___.

which of the following is a nonreducing starch?

which of the following aids the utilization of vitamin E?

which of the following is the most saturated?

which of the following is lacking in the vegetarian diet?

which of the following is an important adjunct in the absorption of glucose?

which of the following is the best source of dietary vitamin C?

glucose is in the highest concentration in which of the following?

beta-oxidation occurs in the ___ and is an ___ process.

which of the following is a anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency?

which of the following reactions is responsible for forming deoxyribose from ribose?

anaerobic glycolysis yields ___.

ketons result from ___.

which of the following are pyrimidines?

which of the following are functions of ascorbic acid (vitmain C)?