Global 9H Midterm Review - Review Packet

A period of great wealth, relative peace, and a greater than usual number of talented individuals in a given place.

Art, knowledge, power, trade, talented individuals, smart leaders, good geography, relative peace, and money.

Highly organized society.

Time before written records.

Old stone age - small, nomadic hunter-gatherer populations.

New stone age (caused by agriculture) - domestication + farming, larger populations, permanent civilizations.

Studies fossils/artifacts.

The footprints at Laetoli.

Studies cultures.

Social, political, economical, religious, technological. These represent the differences between the Paleolithic Era and the Neolithic Era.

Physical features of the Earth that affect human activities.

The spreading of ideas and cultural aspects between different cultures. It is affected by geography.

Cuneiform was used by the Mesopotamians.

• To manage food distribution amongst the community.
• To keep order.
• To set appropriate behaviors.

A man-made object.

The remains of an organism.

Early human-like people.

Modern humans.

Oldest human fossils found here (eastern Africa).

The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

Materials that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.

Amount of people in a given area.

It is high in places that are easier to survive in, such as rivers and is low in harder to survive places such as deserts or mountains.

Locations of the world's earliest civilizations due to fertile soil.

• Indus Valley - India
• Huang He Valley - China
• Nile Valley - Egypt
• Fertile Crescent - Mesopotamia

Land between Tigris + Euphrates rivers. Also known as Fertile Crescent.

First to unite Mesopotamia.

Religious temples in Mesopotamian city-states.

Monotheism.

The Carthaginians.

A civilization that makes its wealth from controlling the seas and trade.

Foundation for modern alphabet.

Leader of the Hebrews.

First known instance of written law codes. It was harsh and based on social class.

King of Babylon.

Belief in one god.

Belief in many gods.

Jewish code of rules and morals.

Persian king, first to invade Greece at Marathon.

Son of Darius, led second invasion of Greece at Thermopiles and Salamis.

Ability to extract purple dye from a certain type of snail + warships able to control Mediterranean sea.

Regions that helped organize and govern the divers Persian empire.

Leaders of Satrapies who collected taxes and kept order, like a governor.

• Mountains caused diverse and independent city-states and decreased cultural diffusion.
• Irregular coastlines had natural harbors which increased trade and diffusion.

A high population density causes more cultural diffusion.

The irregular coastlines.

It was read as a textbook in Greece and exemplifies Greek values.

Warlike culture found on mainland Greece.

Peace loving, maritime culture found on Crete.

Mycenaean Civilization.

Persia wanted to get trade routes and taxes from Greece. When the Ionians refused to join the Persian empire and revolted, the Greek city-states joined together to fight them off.

Athens formed the Delian League to collect money from city-states and defend Greece but used the money to rebuild Athens.

Leader of Athens during golden age. This is why the golden age is known as the "Age of Pericles"

Dispute between Athens and Sparta because Athens had too much power from the Delian League so they formed the Peloponnesian League and defeated Athens.

Philosopher who used scientific method. Quoted saying: "Nothing in nature happens in vain." Brought search for existence down from the heavens to Earth.

Philosopher who questioned everything. Quoted saying: "The unexamined life isn't worth living." Killed by the government.

Series of carefully guided questions to lead a person to a self-realization.

Blending of Greek and Roman culture.

Original fertile hill Rome was founded on.

Carthaginian general who fought Rome and lost the battle of Zama.

Three separate rulers of Rome.

Peace in Rome, golden age. Occurred during Augustus/Octavian's rule.

Divided the Roman empire into east and west halves.

Moved capital to Byzantine and renamed it Constantinople.

Written language that Aryans brought to India through the Khyber pass.

Caste rules.

Early Hindu texts.

The empire that united India during the classical period.

The non-violent leader who preached tolerance and spread Buddhism beyond India.

India's golden age.

One supreme force.

The preserver.

The creator.

The destroyer.

The sacred river of India. It washes away sins.

It is a guide that explains everything a person should do from birth to death.

• A persons behavior in life.
• Good behavior = good karma.
• If you build up good karma you can move into another caste in the next life.

A belief that your culture is superior to all others.

They treat the people unfairly and problems occur.

Gupta empire.

A period of time when the religion is under the rule of one family.

Han.

Zhou.

Trade route Ancient China used which led to cultural diffusion.

The dynasty led by Shi Haungdi, China's "First Emperor." Harsh tactics were used to control the people and little freedom of thought was allowed.

A seasonal wind that brings heavy rain in the summer and dry air in the winter.