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what is the difference between mucus and mucous
mucus (muc/o) - thick slimy fluid
mucous (muc/ous) pertaining to mucus
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important for quiz
four suffixes that have to to with cutting, name and define
be sure you understand how to separate into word parts properly
- -ectomy, excision, surgical removal
- -stomy, surgical creation of an opening
- -tomy, incision, to cut into
- -tome, instrument used to cut
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congenital
term meaning something you are born with
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When adding a prefix which ends in a vowel to a word root beginning with a vowel, what happens to the vowels?
The final vowel in a prefix may be dropped when the word to which it is added begins with a vowel.
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epidermis
outer layer of skin
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keratin
horny, or cornified, layer composed of protein. It is contained in the hair, skin, and nails.
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melanin
color, or pigmentation, of the skin
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dermis
- inner layer of skin
- also called the true skin
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sudoriferous glands
- tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin's surface and secrete sweat
- also called sweat glands
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sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
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hair
compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers
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nails
originate in the epidermis. nails are found on the upper surface of the ends of the fingers and toes. The white area at the base of the nail is called the lunula, or moon
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cutane/o
derm/o
dermat/o
combining form
skin
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hidr/o
combining form
sweat
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kerat/o
combining form
- horny tissue, hard
- also used to refer to the cornea of the eye (see chap. 12)
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onych/o
ungu/o
combining form
nail
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seb/o
combining form
sebum (oil)
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trich/o
combining form
hair
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aut/o
combining form
self
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bi/o
combining form
life
do not confuse with prefix bi- (two)
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coni/o
combining form
dust
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crypt/o
combining form
hidden
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heter/o
combining form
other
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myc/o
combining form
fungus
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necr/o
combining form
death (cells,body)
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pachy/o
combining form
thick
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rhytid/o
combining form
wrinkles
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staphyl/o
combining form
grape-like clusters
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strept/o
combining form
twisted chains
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epi-
prefix
on, upon, over
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para-
prefix
beside, beyond, around, abnormal
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trans-
prefix
through, across, beyond
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-a
noun suffix, no meaning
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-coccus
plural -cocci
suffix
berry-shaped (form of bacterium)
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-ectomy
suffix
excision or surgical removal
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-ia
suffix
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
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-itis
suffix
inflammation
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-malacia
suffix
softening
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-opsy
suffix
view of, viewing
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-phagia
suffix
eating or swallowing
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-plasty
suffix
surgical repair
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-rrhea
suffix
flow, discharge
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-tome
suffix
instrument used to cut
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-stomy
suffix
surgical creation of an opening
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dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
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dermatoconiosis
abnormal condition of the skin caused by dust
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dermatofibroma
fibrous tumor of the skin
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hidradenitis
inflammation of a sweat gland
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leiodermia
condition of smooth skin
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leukoderma
- white skin
- white patches caused by depigmentation
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onychocryptosis
- abnormal condition of a hidden nail
- also called ingrown nail
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onychomalacia
softening of the nails
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onychomycosis
abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails
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onychophagia
- eating the nails
- nail biting
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pachyderma
thickening of the skin
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paronychia
(Note what happens with the vowel in the prefix 'para')
diseased state around the nail
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seborrhea
discharge of sebum (excessive)
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trichomycosis
abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair
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xeroderma
- dry skin
- a mild form of a cutaneous disorder characterized by karatinization and noninflammatory scaling
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abrasion
scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury
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abscess
derived from Latin ab meaning from and cedo meaning to go (the tissue dies and goes away, with the pus replacing it)
localized connection of pus
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acne
inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
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actinic keratosis
- a precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight
- it may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma
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albinism
Alb is Latin word root meaning white
Leuk is the Greek word rood meaning white
congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
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basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
- epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis
- it seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue
- common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure
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candidiasis
candidus from Latin meaning gleaming white
albicans if from the Latin verb albicare meaning to make white
The growth of the fungus is white, and the infection produces a white discharge
- an infection of the skin, mouth (also called thrush), or vagina caused by the yeast-type fungus Candida albicans
- Candida
is normally present in the mucous membranes; overgrowth causes an infection - esophageal candidiases if often seen in patients with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
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carbuncle
singular: furuncle
skin infection composed of a cluster of boils caused y staphylococcal bacteria
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cellulitis
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection leading o redness, swelling, and fever
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contusion
- injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration
- also called a bruise
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eczema
*watch the spelling
noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, itching blisters, and scabs
**eczema has ribs**
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fissure
slit or crack like sore in the skin
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furuncle
plural: carbuncle
- painful skin node caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle
- also called a boil
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gangrene
know how to spell correctly for the quiz - two letter 'e', but separated, not together as in the color
- death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion
- a form of necrosis
- necrotic/necrosis is the big umbrella, gangrene falls under it as a subcategory
- all gangrene is necrotic, but all necrosis not not gangrenous
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herpes
derived from the Greek herpo meaning to creep along
it is descriptive of the course and type of skin lesion
- inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters
- many types of herpes exist
- Herpes simplex - causes fever blisters
- Herpes zoster (also called shingles), is characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow nerves inflamed by the virus
- (Varicella virus causes chicken pox)
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impetigo
superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci
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infection
- the invasion of pathogens in body tissue
- an infection may remain localized if the body's defense mechanisms are effective
- if the infection persists, in may become acute, subacute, or chronic
- a systemic infection occurs when the pathogen causing a local infection gains access to the vascular or lymphatic system and becomes disseminated throughout the body
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Name four causes of infections
- Bacterial
- Fungal
- Parasitic
- Viral
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Kaposi sarcoma
- a cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs
- frequently seen with AIDS
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laceration
- torn, ragged-edged wound
- this is a rip, not a surgical cut
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lesion
- any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease
- it is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors
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MRSA infection
- invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to penicillin and other antibiotics
- it can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated
- MRSA is quite common in hospitals and long-term care facilities but is increasingly emerging as an important infection in the general population
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pediculosis
invasion into the skin and hair by lice
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psoriasis
chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
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rosacea
chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and broken blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years
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scabies
- skin infection caused by the itch mite
- characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs.
- this condition is accompanied by severe itching
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scleroderma
a disease characterized by chronic hardening (induration) of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs
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squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCA)
actinic keratosis may evolve into SqCCA
- a malignant growth that develops from scale-like epithelial tissue
- unlike basal cell carcinoma there is a significant potential for metastasis
- the most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight
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systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system
- this autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbations
- it also may affect other organs
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tinea
also called ringworm
infections are classified by body regions such as:
tinea capitis (scalp),
tinea corporis (body),
tinea pedis (foot) (athletes foot)
- fungal infection of the skin
- the fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair, and nails
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urticaria
also called hives
- an itching skin eruption composed of wheals of varying size and shape, which usually resolves in a short period of time
- while often idiopathic, urticaria is sometimes associated with infections, allergic reactions to food, medicine or other agents
- other causes include internal disease, physical stimuli, and genetic disorders
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vitiligo
white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes associated with autoimmune disorders
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Name and define three types of skin lesions
- Primary lesions, physical changes of the skin or pathological origin
- Secondary lesions, may result from changes in primary lesions or may be caused by injury or infection
- Vascular lesions are related to blood vessels and include the escape of blood into the tissues (hemorrhage)
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name 7 primary lesions
- cyst
- macule
- nodule
- papule
- pustule
- wheal
- vesicle
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name 3 vascular lesions
- petechia (smllest - up to 0.5 cm)
- purpura (midsize - up to
- 1cm)
- ecchymosis (largest - up to 2cm)
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biopsy (bx)
- view of life
- the removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope
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dermatoautoplasty
- surgical repair using one's own skin
- skin graft
- also called autograft
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dermatoheteroplasty
- surgical repair using skin from others
- skin graft
- also called allograft
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dermatome
*dermat/tome, but note, when two consonants of the same letter come together, one is sometimes dropped
instrument used to cut skin (in thin slices for skin grafts)
also refers to the dermatomic area, the area of skin supplied by a specific sensory nerve root
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dermatoplasty
surgical repair of the skin
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onychectomy
excision of a nail
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rhytidectomy
also called facelift
excision of wrinkles
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rhytidoplasty
surgical repair of wrinkles
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cauterization
also called cautery
destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current or caustic substance
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cryosurgery
destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen
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debridement
removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound
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dermabrasion
procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sandpaper
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excision
removal by cutting
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incision
surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument
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incision and drainage (I&D)
surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound, or cavity
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laser surgery
procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue
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Mohs surgery
technique of microscopically controlled serial excisions of skin cancers
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suturing
to stich edges of a wound surgically
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dermatologist
a physician who studies and treats skin (diseases)
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dermatology (derm)
- study of the skin
- a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases
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epidermal
pertaining to upon the skin
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erythroderma
- red skin
- abnormal redness of the skin
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hypodermic
pertaining to under the skin
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intradermal (ID)
pertaining o within the skin
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keratogenic
originating in horny tissue
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necrosis
- abnormal condition of death
- cells and tissue die because of disease
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percutaneous
*do not mix up with transdermal
- pertaining to through the skin
- usually means performed through the skin, as in the insertion of a needle, catheter, or probe
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Staphylococcus (staph)
Plural: staphylococci
- berry-shaped (bacterium) in grape-like clusters
- these bacteria cause many skin diseases
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streptococcus (strep)
plural: streptococci
berry shaped (bacterium) in twisted chains
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subcutaneous (subcut)
pertaining to under the skin
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transdermal (TD)
*do not mix up with percutaneous
- pertaining to through the skin
- usually means entering through the skin and refers to the administration of a drug applied to the skin in ointment or patch form
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ungual
pertaining to the nail
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xanthoderma
also called jaundice
yellow skin
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alopecia
derived from the Greek alopex meaning fox
loss of hair
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bacteria
singular: bacterium
single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue
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cyst
a close sac containing fluid or semisolid material
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cytomegalovirus (CMV)
a herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised
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diaphoresis
derived from Greek dia meaning through and phoreo meaning I carry.
translated it means the carrying through of perspiration
profuse sweating
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ecchymosis
Plural: ecchymoses
escape of blood into the skin (or mucous membrane), causing a small, flat, purple, or blue discoloration as may occur when blood is withdrawn b a needle and syringe from an arm vein
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edema
puffy swellin of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
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fungus
plural: fungi
- organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surroundings and may cause infection by invading body tissue
- single-celled fungi (yeast) reproduce by budding
- multi-celled fungi (mold) reproduce by spore formation
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induration
abnormal hard spots
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jaundice
- condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin
- also called xanthoderma
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keloid
overgrowth of scar tissue
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leukoplakia
condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membrane, which may be precancerous
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macule
probably derived from the ancient Sanskrit world mala meaning dirt
flat, colored spot on the skin
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nevus
plural: nevi
- circumscribed (to draw a line around, or encircle) malformation of the skin, usually brown, black, or flesh colored
- a congenital nevus is present at birth and is referred to as a birthmark
- also called a mole
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nodule
a small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch
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papule
small, solid skin elevation
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petechia
plural: petechiae
a pinpoint skin hemorrhage
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pressure ulcer (decub)
also called decubitis ulcer or bed sore
erosion of the skin caused by prolonged presser, often occurring in bedridden patients
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purpura
- small hemorrhages in the skin (or mucous membrane), giving a purple-red discoloration
- associated with blood disorders or vascular abnormalities
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pustule
elevation of skin containing pus
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ulcer
erosion of the skin or mucous membrane
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verruca
also called a wart
**Verruca is Viral: V+V=Wart**
circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus
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vesicle
also called a blister
small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid
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virus
- minute microorganism, much smaller that a bacterium, characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within living host cells
- may cause infection by invading body tissue
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wheal
- transitory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area
- a wheal is an individual urticaria (hive) lesion
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