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mckenzielarmstrong
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Hypoventilation leads to
Respiratory acidosis
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Hyperventilation leads to
Respiratory alkalosis
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To compensate for metabolic alkalosis the lungs
hypoventilate to decrease CO2
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To compensate for metabolic acidosis, the lungs
Hyperventilate to conserve CO2: Kussmaul respirations
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Causes of metabolic acidosis:
Ketoacidosis, shock, diarrhea, kidney disease
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Causes of metabolic alkalosis:
Vomiting, gastric suction
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Hyperkalemia is seen in patients with
Renal failure (and therefore metabolic acidosis)
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Tx for hyperkalemia
Dialysis, OR insulin
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Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis:
hypertonic muscles, cramping, hypoventilation
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Symptoms of resp acidosis:
hypotension and warm/flushed skin
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Most common acid/base imbalance
Resp acidosis
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2nd most common acid/base imbalance
Metabolic acidosis (esp r/t DKA or sepsis)
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TV is the:
Tidal volume--the vol of gas delivered to pt during each ventilation (6-10ml/kg)
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FiO2 is the:
Fraction of inspired O2. A percentage.
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Too much residual (nutritonal therapy):
150-200mL OR 2/3 of the hourly feeding rate
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CMV stands for
Controlled Mandatory ventilation
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CMV mostly used for pts who are
unconscious or spetic
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CMV details:
Delivers preset TV at preset rate
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Can pt take spontaneous breaths on CMV?
No
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A/c stands for:
Assist/control
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A/C mostly used to help
prevent resp muscle atropy
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Can pt take spontaneous breaths on A/C?
Yes, but vent delivers preset TV
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IMV stands for
Intermittent madatory ventilation
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SIMV stands for
synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
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Pts on CMV are probably also prescribed
paralytics and/or sedatives. Feel need to breathe, but cannot.
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IMV description:
Pt gets preset number of breaths, AND CAN TAKE THEIR OWN BREATHS
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SIMV description:
Pt gets preset # of breaths, and can take own, but vent waits for exhalation before giving new breath
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Benifits of SIMV
Good for weaning, allows resp muscles to be used.
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Most common vent setting (unless pt really really messed up)
SIMV
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