Chemistry Set 1

1: # electrons owned = # unshared+.5(#shared)

2: formal charge = #valence - #owned

+1: 3 bonds

0: 4 bonds

-1:  3 bonds and a lone pair

+1: Four bonds

0: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair

-1: Two bonds and two lone pairs

+1: Three bonds and 1 lone pair

0: Two bonds and two lone pairs

-1: One bond and 3 lone pairs

Decreases across a row (atoms size decreases)

Increases down a column (atom size increases)

Two groups - linear - 180°

Three groups - trigonal planar - 120°

Four groups - tetrahedral - 109.5°

Compounds containing alkali metal cation or ammonium ion

Compounds containing nitrate, acetate, or chlorate

Compounds containing chloride, bromide, or iodide (except w/ Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺)

Compounds containing sulfate (except w/Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺⁾

Compounds containing carbonate, phosphate, chromate, sulfide (except alkali metals or NH₄⁺)

Compounds containing hydroxide (except alkali metals or Ba²⁺)

NH₄⁺

H₃O⁺

Hg₂²⁺

C₂H₃O₂^-

CO₃^2-

ClO₃-

• ClO₂^-

HCO₃^-

HSO₄^-

OH^-

NO₃^-

NO₂^-

O₂^2-

PO₄^3-

PO₃^3-

SO₄^2-

SO₃^2-

• Hydrochloric (HCl)
• Hydrobromic (HBr)
• Hydroiodic (HI)
• Nitric (HNO₃)
• Chloric (HClO₃)
• Perchloric (HClO₄)
• Sulfuric (H₂SO₄)

Groups 1+2 with hydroxide

CrO₄^2-

Cr₂O₇^2-