Vitals-Respiration

• Constant
• -intermittend
• Productive vs. nonproductive
• Series of dry coughs vs. sudden periodic cough which ends with a whooping sound

• 1 allergic reactions
• 2.lung diseases

• 3.Respiratory infections
• 4. Heart conditions

• Visible sinking of tissues around and between the ribs
• Occurs when additional effort is used to breathe

Tissues are drawn in beneath the sternum

Tissues are drawn in above the clavicle (shoulder girdle)

• High pitched, continuous sounds, usually heard on expiration
• Caused by narrowing the airways
• Can often be heard without a stethoscope

Low pitched , continuous, gurgling sound

Caused by secretions in the large airways

They often clear with coughing

• Discontinuous sounds usually heard on inspiration, may be heard throughout
• -high pitched, popping or low pitched bubbling, like rubbing strands of hair together
• -caused by fluid in the alveoli

• Piercing high pitched sound
• Can be heard without a stethoscope
• Primarily during inspiration

• By infants experiencing respiratory distress or
• An obstructed airway

Labored breathing

Produces a snoring sound

Number of times a person breathes

Absence of breathing

Slow respirations

< 10 breaths per minute

Normal respiration

Equal rate and depth

12 -20 per minuter

Fast respirations

> 24 breaths per minute

Usually shallow

Regular but abnormally deep and increased in rate

Gradual increase in respiration followed by gradual decrease and the a period of apnea

• Degree of work required to breathe
• (Normal is effortless)
• Asthma or pneumonia

Labored breathing

unconfortable

Often produces fatigue and fear

Difficulty or inability to breathe in the horizontal position

Amount of air taken in on inspiration

Healthy adult: 300-500 ml

• estimate by watching the depth of the breath
• (deep, shallow, normal)

Directly measures oxygen, carbon dioxide, and blood-ph pressures in an artery

Puncture of artery and testing of sample

Invasive, painful, expensive, time consuming

device measures oxygen saturation ( oximeter emits light measures light passing through )

Clinicians may  become dependent on this device or trust erroneous readings

Decreased oxygen intake, decreased ability of tissues to remove oxygen from blood, impaired ventilation of perfusion, impaired gas exchange between blood and alveoli, inadequate levels of hemoglobin

Rapid and deep breathes result in excess loss of CO 2 (hypocapnea)

Feeling lightheaded, tingly

Anxiety, infection, shoch, hypoxia, drugs, diabetes, acid-base imballance