study of how people of a given culture made use of indigenous plants
zooarchaeology
tracking the animal remains recovered in archaeological excavations
cultural resource management
branch of archaeology tied to government policies for the protection of cultural resources and involving surveying and or excavating archaeological and historical remains threatened by construction or development
contract archaeology
when state legislation sponsors any kind of archaeological work
empirical
based on observations of the world rather than on intuition or faith
hypothesis
a tentative explanation of the relationships between certain phenomena
theory
in science, an explanation of natural phenomena, supported by a reliable body of data
doctrine
an assertation of opinion or belief formally handed down by an authority as true and indisputable.
fieldwork
a characteristic of all anthropological subdivisions
reflexitivity
presenting their own self reflections along with their observations
what is the end product of anthropological research?
a coherent statement about a people that provides an explanatory framework for understanding the beliefs, behavior, or biology of those who have been studied.
applied anthropology
The use of anthropological research to help solve real world problems and or practical problems.
basic anthropology
knowledge for the sake of knowledge
Linguistics
The study of human Language
six parts of linguistics:
1- language as communication
2-description of languages
3- the evolution of a language
4- language and perception
5- language and social relations
6- origins
ethnography
a written description of a particular culture based on first hand observation and participation.
cultural anthropology
the study of human culture
father of American anthropology
Franz Boas
ethnocentrism
the belief that the ways of one's own culture are superior to others
Ethnocentrism is based on ______
Racism is based on __________
cultural difference; physical difference
Bronislaw Malinowski's 3 points are:
1- live in the community for at least a year
2- Become language fluent
3- Participant observation
Other two added points:
1- Return numerous times
2- have another anthropologist study it
informant aka
key consultant
3 aspects of community life:
1- material aspects- infrastructure
2- social aspects- social structure
3- cognitive aspects- superstructure
Franz Boas' 4 contributions:
1- holism
2- emphasis on data collection
3- challenging ethnocentrism
4- cultural relativism
cognition
body of knowledge and organization of that knowledge.
superstructure
society's shared world view
culture
the shared system of rules and meanings acquired or learned as a member of society.
tacit knowledge
silent or unspoken knowledge
enculturation
the process of learning and absorbing one's culture.
Intangible=
Tangible=
culture; society
symbol
anything that can meaningfully represent something else and does so arbitrarily