Human Biology Chapter 5

What)is)the)science)of
classi6ication?))This
science)re6lects
evolutionary
relationships)and)is
based)on)evidence)such
as)comparative
anatomy,)comparative
embryology,)and

What)specialty)within
biology)is)important
because)1))it)re6lects
evolutionary
relationships)and)thus
allows)us)to)understand
how)we)might)put)the
vast)array)of
biodiversity)to)use,)2)

What)is)the)named
taxonomic)unit)(e.g.
Homo sapiens,
Hominidae,)or
Mammalia))to)which
individuals,)or)sets)of
species,)are)assigned?

In)taxonomy,)what)is
one)of)the)ranks)of
classi6ication)(e.g.
genus,)family)?

What)is)the)domain)our
species)is)classified
within?

What)taxon)has)the
following
characteristics:))Cells
with)membrane bound
nucleus)and
membranous
organelles?

What)is)the)kingdom
our)species)is)classified
within?

What)taxon)has)the
following
characteristics:
Multicellular,)no)cell
wall)or)chlorophyll,
nutrition)principally
ingestive,)digestion)in
an)internal)cavity?

What)is)the)phylum)our
species)is)classified
within?

What)taxon)has)the
following
characteristics:
Notochord,)dorsal
tubular)nerve)cord,
pharyngeal)pouches)and
gill)slits,)postanal)tail?

What)is)the)class)our
species)is)classified
within?

What)taxon)has)the
following
characteristics:
Mammary)glands,)hair,
three)ear)ossicles
heterodont)dentition,
squamosalDdentary)jaw
articulation,)an)attached
placenta,)well

What order is our species classified within?

What)taxon)has)the
following
characteristics:))Highly
developed)cerebral
hemispheres,)orbits
surrounded)by)bone)and
directed)forward,)limbs
with)ball)and)socket)type
articulation)allowing)for
great)mobility,)basically

What)family)is)our
species)classified
within?

What*taxon*has*the
following
characteristics:**Large,
upright*posture,*tail
absent,*hind*limbs*longer
than*arms,*thumb
opposable,*but*not*big
toe?

What*genus*is*our
species*classified
within?

What*taxon*has*the
following
characteristics:
Minimum*brain*capacity
is*the*adult*is*600-700
cc,*flattened*face,
prominent*chin*and
nose*with*inferiorly
positioned*nostrils?

What*is*the*scientific
name*of*our*species?

What*taxon*has*the
following
characteristics:
Minimum*brain*capacity
in*the*adult*of*1200*cc,
hind*limbs*long*relative
to*forelimbs,*small*face,
short*cranium,*reduced
body*hair*covering?

What*transitional*form
was*forest8dwelling,
bipedal*with*an
opposable*great*toe,
shared*traits*with
chimps*and*gorillas,*and
lived*about*5.5*million
years*ago?*This*form
indicates*that*the*last

What*is*the*oldest
human*ancestor
thought*to*have*walked
on*two*legs?

What*transitional*form
has*a*brain*no*larger
than*a*chimpanzee's*8
with*a*volume*around
400*8*500*cm3*8,*but
walk*upright*on*two
legs?*It*was*the*first
human*ancestor*to*live
on*the*savannah.

The*fossil*commonly
known*as*Lucy
demonstrated*that
bipedalism*preceded
the*enlargement*of*the
brain.**Lucy*was*of*what
species?

This*transitional*form
appeared*about*2.5
million*years*ago.**Its
face*protruded*less*than
earlier*hominids,*but
still*retained*many*ape
features.*It*had*a*brain
volume*of*around*600
cm3.**At*the*time*of*its

This*transitional*form
was*7irst*found*in*Asia.
It*7irst*arose*1.8?1.5
million*years*ago*and
was*the*7irst*true
hunter?gatherer
ancestor,*and*was*also
the*7irst*to*use*7ire*and
the*7irst*to*migrate*out

What*species*of
hominid*appeared
195,000*years*ago*and
shortly*there*after
began*to*migrate*out*of
Africa*into*Europe*and
Asia?**Its*average*brain
volume*was*and*is*1350
cm3.

When did our species first appear?

What*is*so*special*about
tears,*a*precision*grip
and*a*power*grip*in*the
hand,*urvatures*of*the
spine,*the*foramen
magnum*directed
inferiorly,*a*specialized
pelvis,*and*a*foot
without*an*opposable

What*is*an*idea,
behavior,*or*style*that
spreads*from*person*to
person*within*a*culture?

Culural*evolution*can
procede*extremely
rapidly*because*of*what
factors*that*are*ideas,
behaviors,*or*styles*that
spread*from*person*to
person*within*a*culture?

Over*time*ideas,*styles,
and*behaviors*passed
from*one*person*to
another*change*and
result*in*what*type*of
evolution*that*is*not
based*on*genetic
changes*within*a
population?