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Oil Paint
Pigments mixed with oil. Slow drying allows for glazing and rich colors.
- Jan Van Eyck is considered inventor of oil paint
- Titian was first to use oil on canvas
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Fresco
Water based pigments applied to wet or dry plaster. Used in southern regions of Europe (primarily Italy) because of the need for dry climate.
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Tempera
Pigments mixed with ground limestone and water or egg yolk. Quick drying colors were not as rich when compared to oil paint.
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Marble
Crystallized limestone used for sculpting,
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Bronze
Metal consisting of copper and tin.
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Contrapposto
Counter-positioning of body around a central axis
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Triptych
Altarpiece or devotional picture either carved or painted with 1 center panel and 2 wings
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Sfumato
softened outlines, smoke like haze
popularized by di Vinci
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Chiaroscuro
Modeling of form through light and shadow
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Column
Cylindrical, upright, architectural support. Consisting of shaft, base and capital
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Pilaster
Engaged column a flat vertical element projecting from a wall surface, normally having a base, shaft and capital. Generally a decoration rather than structural element.
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Entablature
The horizontal elements above the columns and capitals, consisting of (from top to bottom a cornice, frieze and architrave.)
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Arch
A curved structural element that spans an open space. Built from wedge-shaped stone blocks
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Weight-Shift
weight shifted to one leg
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Woodcut
Block of wood gorged out in raised relief. Ink is applied and paper pressed onto block to receive image.
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Engraving
Copper plates incised with a sharp tool (burin). Ink is rubbed into grooves, paper pressed into plate to receive image. When plate is incised with a small needle it is called dry point.
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Etching
Copper plate covered with resin ground. Image scratched into ground, plate then dipped in acid. This technique is preferred by printmakers.
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