Micro Biology

• Monera
• Prostista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

• Bacteria
• Archea
• Eucarya

Older term for microscopic animals

• Its the Phenomenon where 'living organisms [can] develop from nonliving matter'
•  ex: meat can spontaneously produce maggots.

• Heated meat broth, then stoppered
• Became cloudy 
• Orgamic matter contains vital force (turning nonliving into living)

• Seal Flask Boil
• Remained Sterile

"Heating the air destroyed life-giving properties of air"…

• Air could enter flask after passing through red-hot tube.
• Sterile!!!

• Sterile cotton wool in neck of boiled flask
• Sterile!!!

No air contamination, but still microbial growth!!!!!

• Trapped stuff from air in sterile cotton
• Put in sterile medium and stuff grew
• swan neck flask!!! (scientific tool)

• Dust carries germs
• Get rid of the dust, broth sterile even if exposed to air.

• Louis Pasteur (France)
• Robert Koch (Germany)

• Pasteurization
• Vaccines
• Chicken Cholera
• Rabies
• Anthrax
• Small Pox

• Isolated Anthrax agent: Bacillus anthraces
• Koch's Postulates

• 1.Microorganism must be present in every
• case of the disease but absent from healthy organisms

• 2.Microorganism must be isolated  and grown in pure
• culture

• 3.Same disease must result from inoculation of isolated microorganisms into healthy
• organism

• 4.Same microorganism must be isolated from
• diseased host

• •Also isolated causative
• agent of Tuberculosis

•Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• •Nobel
• Prize (1905)

• 1.“The phenotype or property. . . should be associated with pathogenic members of a
• genus or pathogenic strains of a species”

• 2.“Specific inactivation of the gene(s) associated with the suspected virulence trait
• should lead to a measurable loss in pathogenicity or
• virulence”

3.“Reversion or allelic replacement of the mutated gene should lead to restoration of pathogenicity”

4.Gene should be expressed during disease process

5.Immune activity against gene product should protect