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What is the MOA for Metronidazole?
- Prodrug that needs activation in certain organisms
- Enters cells by passive diffusion
- Produces free radicals - bactericidal effects (interacts w/ nucleic acids causing breakage and destabilization)
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What is the bacterial spectrum?
- Anaerobic Gr(-)
- Well-absorbed orally
- Good tissue and CNS penetration
- Well tolerated
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What are 2 antibiotics indicated for initial empiric tx of intra-abdominal sepsis?
- 3rd generation cephalosporin w/ metronidazole
- Beta-lactam or beta-lactamase inhibitor (Piperacilian/ tazobactam)
- Carbapenem or Moxifloxacin (Ertapenem)
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What are the properties and clinical applications of 0.9% NaCl IV solution?
- Properties: 9 g of NaCl (154 mEq Na and Cl)
- Osm = 310 mOsm
- Clinical Applications: Preferred IV fluid for tx of hypotension
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What are the adrenergic receptor stimulation differences between DOPamine?
- High Doses:
- A1 - vasoconstricts peripheral vessels
- B1 - increases heart rate, contracility, diastolic relaxation
- Low doses:
- B1 – Increases heart rate, contractility, diastolic relaxation
- B2 – vasodilates peripheral vessels
- D1 – low doses vasodilate renal vessels
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What are the adrenergic receptor stimulation differences between DOBUTamine?
- B1 – Increases heart rate, contractility, diastolic relaxation
- B2 – vasodilates peripheral vessels
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What are the pharmacological effects of IV vasopressin?
- Vasoconstriction (a1 receptors)
- Regulates extracellular fluid volume by affecting renal handling of water
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What are the possible adverse effects from a catecholamine infusion?
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Can precipitate angina in pts w/ coronary artery disease (b/c increases myocardial oxygen demand)
- H/a and tremor
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