-
Buccinator
- O: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible opposite to the molar teeth
- I: Fibers of Orbicularis Oris
- A: Compresses cheeks
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Orbicularis Oris
- O: Maxilla and Mandible
- I: Lips
- A: Compresses, purses lips
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Risorious
- O: Fascia surrounding parotid salivary gland
- I: Angle of mouth
- A: Draws corner of mouth to the side
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Levator Anguli Oris
- O: Maxilla inferior to the infra-orbital foramen
- I: Skin at the angle of mouth
- A: Raises corner of mouth
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Depressor Anguli Oris
- O: Anterolateral surface of mandibular body
- I: Skin at angle of mouth
- A: Depresses corner of mouth
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Zygomaticus Major
- O: Zygomatic bone near the zygomaticotemporal suture
- I: Angle of mouth
- A: Retracts and elevates corner of mouth
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Zygomaticus Minor
- O: Zygomatic bone posterior to the zygomaticomaxillary suture
- I: Upper Lip
- A: Retracts and elevates upper lio
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Orbicularis Oculi
- O: Medial margin of orbit
- I: Skin around eyelids
- A: Closes eye
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Occipitofrontalis - Frontal Belly
- O: Epicranial Aponeurosis
- I: Skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose
- A: Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Occipitofrontalis - Occipital Belly
- O: Superior nuchal line and adjacent region of mastoid portion of the temporal bone
- I: Epicranial Aponeurosis
- A: Tenses scalp and moves auricle of ear
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Inferior Rectus
- O: Sphenoid around optic canal
- I: Inferior, medial surface of eyeball
- A: Eye looks down
- N: Oculomotor Nerve (3)
-
Medial Rectus
- O: Sphenoid around optic canal
- I: Medial surface of eyeball
- A: Eye looks medially
- N: Oculomotor Nerve (3)
-
Superior Rectus
- O: Sphenoid around optic canal
- I: Superior surface of eyeball
- A: Eye looks up
- N: Oculomotor Nerve (3)
-
Lateral Rectus
- O: Sphenoid around optic canal
- I: Lateral surface of eyeball
- A: Eye looks laterally
- N: Abducens Nerve (6)
-
Inferior Oblique
- O: Maxilla at anterior portion of orbit
- I: Inferior, lateral surface of eyeball
- A: Eye rolls, looks up and laterally
- N: Oculomotor Nerve (3)
-
Superior Oblique
- O: Spheniod around optic canal
- I: Superior, lateral surface of eyeball
- A: Eye rolls, looks down and laterally
- N: Trochlear Nerve (4)
-
Masseter
- O: Zygomatic Arch
- I: Lateral surface and angle of mandibular ramus
- A: Elevates mandible and closes jaws
- N: Trigeminal Nerve (5), Mandibular Branch
-
Temporalis
- O: Along temporal lines of skull
- I: Coronoid process of mandible
- A: Elevates mandible and closes jaws
- N: Trigeminal Nerve (5), Mandibular Branch
-
Sternohyoid
- O: Clavicle and Manubrium
- I: Hyoid Bone
- A: Depresses hyoid bone and larynx
- N: Cervical Spine Nerves C1-C3
-
Sternothyroid
- O: Dorsal surface of manubrium and first costal cartilage
- I: Thyroid cartilage of larynx
- A: Depresses hyoid bone and larynx
- N: Cervical Spinal Nerves C1-C3
-
Stylohyoid
- O: Styloid process of temporal bone
- I: Hyoid bone
- A: Elevates larynx
- N: Facial Nerve (7)
-
Sternocleidomastoid - Clavicular Head
- O: Attaches to sternal end of clavicle
- I: Mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
- A:Flex the neck along with sternal head; By itself it bends the neck towards the shoulder and turns face to opposite side
- N: Accessory Nerve (11), Cervical Spinal Nerves C2-C3
-
Sternocleidomastoid - Sternal Head
- O: Attaches to Manubrium
- I: Mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
- A:Flex the neck along with sternal head; By itself it bends the neck towards the shoulder and turns face to opposite side
- N: Accessory Nerve (11), Cervical Spinal Nerves C2-C3
-
Splenius
- O: Spinous processes and ligaments connecting inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae
- I: Mastoid process, occipital bone of skull, superior cervical vertebrae
- A: Extend neck; half of it at a time rotates and laterally flexes neck to the same side
- N: Cervical Spinal Nerves
-
Semisplenius Capitus
- O: Processes of inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae
- I: Occipital bone, between nuchal lines
- A: Extend neck; half of it at a time laterally flexes neck and turns head to opposite sides
- N: Cervical Spinal Nerves
-
Thoracic Region - External Intercostals
- O: Inferior border of each rib
- I: Superior border of more inferior rib
- A: Elevates ribs
- N: Intercostal Nerves (Branches of Thoracic Spinal Nerves)
-
Thoracic Region - Internal Intercostals
- O: Superior border of each rib
- I: Inferior border of the more superior rib
- A: Depresses ribs
- N: Intercostal Nerves (branches of Thoracic Spinal Nerves)
-
Abdominal Region - External Oblique
- O: External and inferior borders of ribs 5-12
- I: External oblique aponeuroses extending ot the linea alba and iliac crest
- A: Compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes, laterally flexes, or rotates vertebral column to the opposite side
- N: Intercostal Nerves 5-12, Iliohypogastric, and Ilioinguinal Nerves
-
Abodminal Region - Internal Obliques
- O: Thoracolumbar fascia and iliac crest
- I: Inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12, costal cartilages 8-10, linea alba, and pubis
- A: Compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes, laterally flexes, or rotates vertebral column to the same side
- N: Intercostal Nerves 5-12, Iliohypogastric, and Ilioinguinal Nerves
-
Abdominal Region - Transversus Abdominus
- O: Cartilages of Ribs 6-12, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
- I: Linea alba and pubis
- A: Compresses abdomen
- N: Intercostal Nerves 5-12, Iliohypogastric, and Ilioinguinal Nerves
-
Thoracic Region - Diaphragm
- O: Xiphoid process, ribs 7-12 and associates costal cartilages, and anterior surfaces of lumbar vertebrae
- I: Central tendinous sheet
- A: Contraction expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominopelvic cavity
- N: Phrenic Nerves (C3-C5)
-
Abdominal Region - Rectus Abdominis
- O: Superior surface of pubis around symphysis
- I: Inferior surfaces of cartilages (ribs 5-7) and xiphoid processes of sternum
- A: Depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen
- N: Intercostal Nerves (T7-T12)
-
Levator Scapulae
- O: Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae
- I: Vertebral border of scapula near superior angle
- A: Elevates scapula
- N: Cervical Nerves (C3-C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
-
Pectoralis Minor
- O: Anterior surfaces and superior margins of Ribs 3-5 and fascia covering the associated external intercostal muscles
- I: Coracoid process of scapula
- A: Depresses and protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves inferiorly (downward rotation), elevates ribs if scapula is stationary
- N: Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8, T1)
-
Rhomboid Major
- O: Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae
- I: Vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
- A: Adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula
- N: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
-
Rhomboid Minor
- O: Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1
- I: Vertebral border of scapula
- A: Adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula
- N: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
-
Serratus Anterior
- O: Anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8 OR 1-9
- I: Anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
- A: Protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly
- N: Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7)
-
Trapezius
- O: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
- I: Clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine)
- A: Depends on active region and state of other muscles; may elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward and/or clavicle; can also extend neck
- N: Accessory Nerve (11)
-
Coracobrachialis
- O: Coracoid process of scapula
- I: Medial margin of shaft of humerus
- A: Adduction and flexion at shoulder
- N: Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-C7)
-
Deltoid
- O: Clavicle and Scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine)
- I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
- A: Whole Muscle - abduction of shoulder. Anterior part - flexion and medial rotation of humerus. Posterior part - extension and lateral rotation of humerus.
- N: Axilary Nerve (C5-C6)
-
Supraspinatus
- O: Supraspinous process of scapula
- I: Greater tubercle of humerus
- A: Abduction at Shoulder
- N: Suprascapular Nerve (C5)
-
Infraspinatus
- O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
- I: Greater tubercle of Humerus
- A: Lateral rotation at shoulder
- N: Suprascapular Nerve (C5-C6)
-
Subscapularis
- O: Subscapular fossa of Scapula
- I: Lesser tubercle of Humerus
- A: Medial rotation at shoulder
- N: Subscapular Nerve (C5-C6)
-
Teres Major
- O: Inferior angle of Scapula
- I: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of Humerus
- A: Extension and medial rotation at shoulder
- N: Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
-
Teres Minor
- O: Lateral border of Scapula
- I: Greater tubercle of Humerus
- A: Lateral rotation and adduction at shoulder
- N: Axillary Nerve (C5)
-
Latissimus Dorsi
- O: Spinous process of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and thoracolumbar fascia
- I: Flor of intertubercular sulcus of the Humerus
- A: Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at the shoulder
- N: Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6-C8)
-
Pectoralis Major
- O: Cartilages of irbs 2-6, body of sternum, and inferior, medial portion of clavicle
- I: Crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of Humerus
- A: Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
- N: Pectoral Nerves (C5-T1)
-
Biceps Brachii - Short Head
- O: Coracoid Process of Scapula
- I: Radial Tuberosity
- A: Flexion at the elbow and shoulder
- N: Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-C6)
-
Biceps Brachii - Long Head
- O: Supraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula
- I: Radial Tuberosity
- A: Supination
- N: Musclocutaneous Nerve (C5-C6)
-
Brachialis
- O: Anterior, distal surface of Humerus
- I: Ulnar Tuberosity
- A: Flexion at the elbow
- N: Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-C6) and Radial Nerve (C6-C8)
-
Triceps Brachii - Lateral Head
- O: Superior, lateral margin of Humerus
- I: Olecranon of Ulna
- A: Extension at the Elbow
- N: Radial Nerve (C6-C8)
-
Triceps Brachii - Long Head
- O: Infraglenoid tubercle of Scapula
- I: Olecranon of Ulna
- A: Extension at the elbow and extension and adduction at the shoulder
- N: Radial Nerve (C6-C8)
-
Triceps Brachii - Medial Head
- O: Posterior surface of Humerus, inferior to the radial groove
- I: Olecranon of Ulna
- A: Extension at the elbow
- N: Radial Nerve (C6-C8)
-
Pronator Teres
- O: Medial epicondyle of Humerus and Coracoid process of Ulna
- I: Middle of lateral surface of Radius
- A: Pronates forearm and hand by medial rotation of the Radius at radioulnar joints, flexion at the elbow
- N: Median Nerve (C6-C7)
-
Supinator
- O: Lateral epicondyle of Humerus and ridge near radial notch of Ulna
- I: Anterolateral surface of Radius distal to the radial tuberosity
- A: Supinates forearm and hand by lateral rotation of Radius at radioulnar joints
- N: Deep Radial Nerve (C6-C8)
-
Flexor Carpi Radialis
- O: Medial epicondyle of Humerus
- I: Bases of second and third metacarpal bones
- A: Fkexuib abd abduction at wrist
- N: Median Nerve (C6-C7)
-
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- O: Medial epicondyle of Humerus; adjacent medial surfaces of olecranon and anteromedial portion of Ulna
- I: Pisiform, hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal bone
- A: Flexion and abduction at wrist
- N: Median Nerve (C6-C7)
-
Palmaris Longus
- O: Medial epicondyle of Humerus
- I: Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
- A: Flexion at wrist
- N: Median Nerve (C6-C7)
-
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of Humerus
- I: Base of second metacarpal bone
- A: Extension and abduction at the wrist
- N: Radial Nerve (C6-C7)
-
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
- O: Lateral epicondyle of Humerus
- I: Base of third metacarpal bone
- A: Extension and abduction at the wrist
- N: Radial Nerve (C6-C7)
-
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- O: Lateral epicondyle of Humerus; adjacent dorsal surface of Ulna
- I: Base of fifth metacarpal bone
- A: Extension and adduction at wrist
- N: Deep Radial Nerve (C6-C8)
-
Extensor Digitorum
- O: Lateral epicondyle of Humerus
- I: Posterior surfaces of the phalanges, digits 2-5
- A: Extension at finger joints and wrist
- N: Deep Radial Nerve (C6-C8)
-
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
- O: Shaft of Radius distal to origin of abductor pollicis longus and the interosseous membrane
- I: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- A: Extension at joints of thumb; abduction at wrist
- N: Deep Radial Nerve (C6-C8)
-
Extensor Digiti Minimi
- O: Via extensor tendon to lateral epicondyle of Humerus and from intermuscular septa
- I: Posterior surface of proximal phalanx of little finger
- A: Extension at joints of little finger and extension at the wrist
- N: Deep Radial Nerve (C6-C8)
-
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- O: Medial epicondyle of Humerus; adjacent anterior surfaces of the Ulna and Radius
- I: Bases of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
- A: Flexion at proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joints
- N: Median Nerve (C7-T1)
-
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- O: Medial and posterior surfaces of ulna, medial surfaces of coronoid process, and interosseous membrane
- I: Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
- A: Flexion at distal interphalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints and wrists
- N: Anterior Interosseous Branch of Median Nerve and Ulnar Nerve (C8-T1)
-
Flexor Pollicis Longus
- O: Anterior shaft of Radius, interosseous membrane
- I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
- A: Flexion at joints of the thumb
- N: Median Nerve (C8-T1)
-
Gluteus Maximus
- O: Iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, and lateral surface of the Ilium; Sacrum, Coccyx, and Thoracolumbar fascia
- I: Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of Femur
- A: Extension and lateral rotation at hip; helps stabilize the extended knoee; abduction at the fip
- N: Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5-S2)
-
Gluteus Medius
- O: Anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of Ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
- I: Greater trochanter of the Femur
- A: Abduction and medial rotation at the hip
- N: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4-S1)
-
Tensor Fasciae Latae
- O: Iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine
- I: Iliotibial tract
- A: Abduction and medial rotation at the hip; extension and lateral rotation at the knee; tenses fasciae latae, which laterally supports the knee
- N: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4-S1)
-
Piriformis
- O: Anterolateral surface of Sacrum
- I: Greater trochanter of the Femur
- A: Lateral rotation and abduction of the hip; helps maintain stability and integrity of the hip
- N: Branches of Sacral Nerves (S1-S2)
-
Adductor Longus
- O: Inferior ramus of Pubis, anterior to adductor brevis
- I: Linea aspera of Femur
- A: Adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at the hip
- N: Obturator Nerve (L3-L4)
-
Adductor Magnus
- O: Inferior ramus of Pubis posterior to adductor brevis and ischial tuberosity
- I: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of Femur
- A: Whole Muscle - adduction of the hip. Anterior Part - flexion and medial rotation of the hip. Posterior Part - extension of the hip.
- N: Obturator and Sciatic Nerves (L3-L4 and S1-S3)
-
Gracilis
- O: Inferior ramus of Pubis
- I: Medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle
- A: Flexion and medial rotation at the knee; adduction and medial rotation at the hip
- N: Obturator Nerve (L3-L4)
-
Iliacus
- O: Iliac fossa
- I: Fermur distal to lesser trochanter; tendon fused with that of psoas major
- A: Flexion at the hip and/or lumbar intervertebral joints
- N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L3)
-
Psoas Major
- O: Anterior surfaces and tranverse processes of vertebrae (T12-L5)
- I: Lesser trochanter in company with iliacus (on Femur)
- A: Flexion at the hip and/or lumbar intervertebral joints
- N: Branchesof the lumbar plexus (L2-L3)
-
Biceps Femoris
- O: Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of Femur
- I: Head of Fibula, lateral condyle of Tibia
- A: Flexion at the knee and extension and lateral rotation at the hip
- N: Sciatic nerve- the tibial portion (S1-S3) and Common Fibular Branch (L5-S2)
-
Semimembranosus
- O: Ischial tuberosity
- I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of Tibia
- A: Flexion at the knee; extension and medial rotation at the hip
- N: Sciatic nerve- the tibial portion (L5-S2)
-
Semitendinous
- O: Ischial Tuberosity
- I: Proximal, medial surface of Tibia near the insertion of the Gracilis
- A: Flexion at the knee; extension and medial rotation at the hip
- N: Sciatic Nerve (Tibial portion L5-S2)
-
Sartorius
- O: Anterior superior iliac spine
- I: Medial surface of Tibia, near tibial tuberosity
- A: Flexion at the knee; abduction, flexion, and lateral rotation at the hip
- N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
-
Rectus Femoris
- O: Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium
- I: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
- A: Extension at the knee; flexion at the hip
- N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
-
Vastus Intermedius
- O: Anterolateral surface of Femur and linea aspera
- I: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
- A: Extension at the knee
- N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
-
Vastus Lateralis
- O: Anterior and inferior to greater torchanter of Femur and along linea aspera
- I: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
- A: Extension at the knee
- N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
-
Vastus Medialis
- O: Entire length of linea aspera of Femur
- I: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
- A: Extension at the knee
- N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
-
Tibialis Anterior
- O: Lateral condyle and proximal shaft of Tibia
- I: Base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform
- A: Dorsiflexion at the ankle and inversion of the foot
- N: Deep Fibular Nerve (L4-S1)
-
Gastrocnemius
- O: Femoral condyles
- I: Cancaneus via cancaneal tendon
- A: Plantar flexion at the ankle and flexion at the knee
- N: Tibial Nerve (S1-S2)
-
Fibularis Brevis
- O: Midlateral margin of Fibula
- I: Base of fifth metatarsal bone
- A: Eversion of foot and plantar flexion at the ankle
- N: Superficial Fibular Nerve (L4-S1)
-
Fibularis Longus
- O: Head and proximal shaft of Fibula
- I: Base of fifth metatarsal bone
- A: Eversion of foot and plantar flexion at the ankle; supports ankle; supports longitudinal and transverse arches
- N: Superficial Fibular Nerve (L4-S1)
-
Soleus
- O: Head and proximal shaft of Fibule, and adjacent posteromedial shaft of Tibia
- I: Cancaneus via cancaneal tendon
- A: Plantar flexion at the ankle and postural muscle when standing
- N: Tibial Nerve (L4-S1) and Sciatic Nerve, Tibial Branch (S1-S2)
-
Tibialis Posterior
- O: Interosseous membrane and adjacent shafts of Tibia and Fibula
- I: Navicular, all three cuneiforms, cuboid, second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones
- A: Inversion of the foot and plantar flexion at the ankle
- N: Tibial Nerve (L4-S1) and Sciatic Nerve, Tibial Branch (S1-S2)
-
Flexor Digitorum Longus
- O: Posteromedial surface of tibia
- I: Inferior surface of distal phalanges, toes 2-5
- A: Flexion of joints of toes 2-5 and plantar flexes ankle
- N: Tibial Branch (L5-S1)
-
Flexor Hallucis Longus
- O: Posterior surface of Fibula
- I: Inferior surface, distal phalanx of great toe
- A: Flexion at joints of great toe; plantar flexes ankle
- N: Tibial Branch (L5-S1)
-
Extensor Digitorum Longus
- O: Lateral condyle of Tibia, anterior surface of Fibula
- I: Superior surfaces of phalanges, toes 2-5
- A: Extension of toes 2-5; dorsiflexes ankle
- N: Deep Fibular Nerve (L5,S1)
-
Extensor Hallucis Longus
- O: Anterior surface of Fibula
- I: Superior surface, distal phalanx of great toe
- A: Extension at joints of great toe; dorsiflexes ankle
- N: Deep Fibular Nerve (L5, S1)
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