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What do low altitude approaches do?
Transition aircraft from the low altitude environment to a point where the runway can be seen and landing can be made
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Two categories of low altitude IAP:
- Course reversals
- Procedure tracks
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Two types of course reversals are?
- Procedure turn
- Holding in lieu of a procedure turn (HILO PT)
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Types of procedure track approaches are?
- Straight-in
- Arching
- Teardrop
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How are terminal routings displayed on approach charts?
Dashed circle labeled ENROUTE FACILITY or FEEDER FACILITY
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Are terminal routings on a low altitude approach chart considered segments of the published IAP?
Yes
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(T/F) Using terminal routing to an IAF and cleared for the approach, you are considered established on the approach and may descend to the published terminal routing altitude
True
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With no IAF on the approach plate, how do you navigate to the FAF?
ATC will vector you to final approach course at the appropriate altitude
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What must be done prior to the IAF?
- WHOLDS
- Weather
- Holding info
- Obtain clearance
- Descent check
- Speed 120-150
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Below 3000' AGL, what should your maximum rate of descent be?
500-2000fpm
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What is a procedure turn used for?
- Used to reverse direction and place an aircraft inbound on the intermediate or final approach course
- How are procedure turns depicted?
- By a "barb" symbol
- Broken descent line (profile view)
- Indicates direction or side of the outbound course on which the procedure turn is normally accomplished
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What is one difference between holding procedures and procedure turns?
If your heading is within 90 of the outbound procedure turn course, you can use normal lead points to intercept it
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Procedure turn teardrop entries are limited to a maximum angle of ______.
30
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If the procedure turn fix is a VOR or VORTAC, when are you abeam the fix?
- 90 off the desired outbound course
- TO/FROM indicator switches
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If the procedure turn fix is not over a VOR but is identified by DME, when are you abeam?
When you past the procedure turn fix DME outbound
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If you cannot determine the abeam position for the procedure turn fix, when should you start timing?
Rollout wings-level on the outbound turn
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(T/F) when flying a procedure turn, it is left to the pilot's discretion to determine what course to fly outbound and where to begin the course reversal.
True - complete all maneuvering, to include the course reversal turn, on or toward the maneuvering side
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When applying the holding technique of course reversal, if further descent is depicted on the inbound course, when do you start the descent?
When established on the inbound segment of the IAP
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When using the 45/180 procedure turn maneuver, at T6 approach speed, how many NM does it take to complete?
- 3.5NM
- Technique, fly outbound 2.5 DME or 1 minute prior to starting course reversal
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How many NM does it take to complete the 80/260 procedure turn maneuver?
- 2NM
- Technique, fly outbound 5 DME or 2 minutes prior to starting course reversal
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With an IAP that does not have a FAF, where is the FAF considered in the procedure?
When you begin your descent form the procedure turn completion altitude
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When would you not execute a procedure turn?
- SNERT
- Straight-in approach
- NoPT
- Established in holding, cleared the approach, and holding course is same as procedure turn
- Radar vectors
- Timed approach
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How are procedure tracks depicted on IAP?
Heavy black line with an arrowhead showing the flight path
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How are procedure tracks depicted on IAP profile view?
An unbroken descent line
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How is a holding in lieu of a procedure turn depicted in an IAP?
Holding pattern printed with a bold black line
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How is a holding in lieu of a procedure turn depicted in an IAP profile view?
Outbound and inbound courses are show with two dark arrows
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(T/F) You are only expected to make one orbit for approach alignment with holding in lieu of a procedure turn.
True
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If holding in lieu of a procedure turn and you need to descend on the inbound leg, what must you have?
Established on the inbound segment of the IAP prior to descent
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