-
temporalis
- closes jaw
- elevates and retracts mandible
-
masseter
closes jaw and elevates mandible
-
epicranis frontal and occipital belly
- frontal belly: raises eyebrows
- occipital belly: fixes aponeuresis, pulls scalp posteriorly
-
orbicularis oculi
- squinting
- produces blinking
- closes eyes
- draws eyebrows inferiorly
- can be activated individually
-
orbicularis oris
- closes mouth
- purses and protudes lips
- (kissing and whistling muscle)
-
zygomaticus major
- raises lateral corners of mouth upward
- (smiling muscle)
-
depressor anguli oris
- zygomaticus antagonist
- draws corners of mouth downward and laterally
-
depressor labii inferioris
draws lower lip inferiorly
-
mentalis
- protudes lower lip
- wrinkles chin
-
risorius
- draws corner of lip laterally
- tenses lip
- zygomaticus synergist
-
platysma
- depresses mandible
- pulls lower lip back and down
- produces downward sag of the mouth
-
sternocleidomastoid
rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side
-
external oblique
- aid muscles of back in trunk rotation
- lateral flexion
- (used oblique curls)
-
rectus abdominis
- flexes and rotates vertebral column
- increases abdominal pressure
- fixes and depresses ribs
- stabilizes pelvis during walking
- (used in sit-ups and curls)
-
serratus anterior
- moves scapula forward toward chest wall
- rotates scapular, causing inferior angle to moves laterally and upward
- abduction and raising of arm
-
pectoralis major
- prime mover of arm, flexion, adducts
- medially rotates arm
- arm fixed, pulls chest upward
-
deltoid
- prime mover of arm abduction
- aid flexion, extension and rotation
- acts as a whole
-
trapezius
- extends head, raises, rotates, and retracts (adducts) scapula and stabilizes it
- superior fibers elevate scapula
- inferior fibers depress it
-
latissimus dorsi
- prime mover of arm extension
- adducts and medially rotates arm
- depresses scapula
- brings arm down in power stroke, as in striking a blow
-
biceps brachii
- flexion of elbow and supination of forearm
- weak arm flexor
- "it turns the corkscrew and pulls the cork"
-
triceps brachii
- powerful forearm extensor
- antagonist of forearm flexors
-
extensor carpi radialis longus
extends and abducts wrist
-
extensor carpi ulnaris
extends and adducts wrist
-
extensor digitorum
- prime mover of finger extension
- extends wrist
- can flare (abduct) finger
-
flexor carpi ulnaris
powerful flexor of wrist, abducts hand
-
flexor carpi radialis
powerful flexor of wrist, abducts hands
-
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
-
gluteus maximus
- laterally rotates and abducts thigh
- antagonist of iliopsoas
- complex, powerful thigh extensor
-
sartorius
- flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh
- flexes knee also known as tailors's muscle
- helps effect cross-legged position
-
tensor fasciae latae
- flexes, abducts
- medially rotates thigh
- steadies trunk
-
rectus femoris
extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
-
vastus lateralis
extends and stabilizes knee
-
vastus medialis
- extends knee
- stabilizes patella
-
vastus intermedius
extends knee
-
gracilis
adducts flexes and medially rotates thigh
-
biceps femoris
- extends thigh
- laterally rotates legs
- flexes knee
-
semitendinosus
- extends thigh
- flexes knee
- medially rotates leg
-
gastrocnemious
- plantar flexes foot when knee is extended
- crosses knee joint
- flex knee
-
soleus
- plantar flexion
- (important for locomotion)
-
extensor digitorum longus
- prime mover of toe extension
- dorsiflexes foot
-
tibialis anterior
- prime mover of dorsiflexion
- inverts foot
- supports longitudinal arch of foot
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