-
penicillin
pfizerpen, bicillin LA, veetids
- gram (+): strep
- mouth anaerobes
-
dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
penicillinase resistant penicillins
gram (+): MSSA, strep
-
amoxicillin, ampicillin
aminopenicillins
- gram (+): strep
- gram (-): h. influenza, e.coli, proteus, salmonella, shigella
-
amox/clav & amp/sulb
augmentin & unasyn
- gram (+): beta lactamase producing MSSA
- gram (-): h. influenza, m. catarrhalis, e. coli, k. pneumoniae
- anaerobes
-
pip/tazo & tic/clav
zosyn & timentin
antipseudomonal penicillins
same as augmentin plus pseudomonos
-
penicillins adrs
- NVD
- hypersensitivity
- interstitial nephritis
- hemolytic anemia
-
first generation cephalosporins
- cefadroxil
- cefazolin
- cephalexin
- gram (+): staph, strep
- gram (-): e. coli, p. mirabilis, k. pneumoniae
-
second generation cephalosporins
cefaclor, cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefprozil, cefuroxime
- gram (+): staph, strep
- gram (-): e. coli, p. mirabilis, k. pneumoniae, acinetobacter, enterobacter, neisseria, serratia, h. influenza
-
third generation cephalosporins
cefdinir, cefixime, cefoperazone, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone
- limited gram (+)
- gram (-): e. coli, p. mirabilis, k. pneumoniae, acinetobacter,
- enterobacter, neisseria, serratia, h. influenza plus more
- -ceftazidime: pseudomonas
-
fourth generation cephalosporins
cefepime
- gram (+) and (-)
- pseudomonas
-
cefadroxil
duricef
1st gen
-
-
cephalexin
keflex
1st gen
-
cefaclor
raniclor
2nd gen
-
-
cefoxitin
mefoxin
2nd gen
-
-
-
-
-
cefoperazone
cefobid
3rd gen
-
cefpodoxime
vantin
3rd gen
-
cefotaxime
claforan
3rd gen
-
-
-
ceftizoxime
cefizox
3rd gen
-
ceftriaxone
rocephen
3rd gen
-
cefipime
maxipime
4th gen
-
doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem
carbapenems
- broad spectrum (+) and (-)
- all work against pseudomonas except ertapenem
may cause seizures
-
-
-
imipenem-cilastatin
primaxin
-
-
aztreonam
azactam. monobactam
only effective against gram (-) & pseudomonas
-
aminoglycocides
- amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin
- amikin, garamycin/gentak, kantrex, neo-fradin, generics, tobi/tobrex
bacteriocidal concentration dependent killing
- *gram (-): kleb, p. mirabilis, acinetobacter, serratia, pseudomonas
- *synergistic with pcn or vanc against gram (+): staph, strep, enterococcus
- *streptomycin & amikacin: mycobacteria
-
AG adrs
nephrotox, ototox
-
macrolides/ketolides
- azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, telithromycin
- zithromax/zmax, biaxin, EES/eryped/erytab/pce/erythrocin
- gram (+): strep (azith and clarith are better)
- gram (-)
- atypicals: chlamydia, legionella, mycoplasma
- azith & clarith: mycobacteria
-
macrolides/ketolides adrs
- NVD
- QT prolongation
- phlebitis (erythro IV)
-
tetracyclines
- demeclocycline, doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline
- declomycin, doryx/vibramycin, dynacin/minocin, sumycin
gram (+), (-), and atypicals
-
tetracycline adrs
- NVD
- photosensitivity
- phlebitis
- vertigo (mino)
discolors teeth of children
-
tigecycline
tygacil. its a glycycline.
gram (+): MSSA, MRSA, VRE
adrs: NVD, photosensitivity
-
linezolid
zyvox. its an oxazolidinone. weak MAOI
gram (+): VRE, MRSA, resistant strep
adrs: NVD, HA, myelosuppression, peripheral/optic neuropathy, seizures
-
quinupristin-dalfopristin
synercid. its a streptogramin
VRE, MRSA, MSSA
adrs: NVD, muscle/joint pain, increases bilirubin
-
fluoroquinolones
- ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin
- cipro/proquin, factive, levaquin, maxaquin, avelox, floxin
- gram (+), (-), atypicals
- cipro: pseudomonas
-
FQ adrs
not for people <18 YO
ND, photosensitivity, tendon rupture, BG changes, peripheral neuropathy, seizures, QT prolongation
-
sulfonamides
- sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, sulfisoxazole
- generics, bactrim/septra, gantrinsin
- gram (+) including MSSA/MRSA
- gram (-)
- sulfadiazine: toxoplasmosis
-
sulfa adrs
NVD, rash (SJS), photosensitivity, folate deficiency, hypoglycemia
not in G6PD deficiency
-
daptomycin
cubicin
gram (+): MSSA, MRSA, VRE
adrs: ND, muscle pain/weakness
-
chloramphenicol
generics
adrs: NVD, myelosuppression, gray baby syndrome, optic neuritis
-
clindamycin
cleocin, clindesse, evoclin
gram (+) anaerobes
adrs: NVD, pseudomebranous colitis
-
metronidazole
flagyl, metrogel, noritate, vandazole
anaerobes
adrs: ND, confusion, dizziness, peripheral neuropathy, metallic taste, DSR
-
vancomycin
vancocin
- gram (+): MSSA, MRSA
- c. diff
adrs: red man syndrome, nephrotox, ototox (?)
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