Science Chapter 8 II

A graph of the absolute magnitude of stars plotted against their surface temperature or color, used in the study of stellar evolution.

A major grouping of stars that forms a relatively narrow band from the upper left to the lower right when plotted according to luminosity and surface temperature on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

The remnant of a star that has collapsed, having an extremely dense state with no empty space between its atoms, but not reaching the extremely dense state of a neutron star or black hole.

A rare celestial phenomenon involving the explosion of most of the material in a star, resulting in an extremely bright, short-lived object that emits vast amounts of energy.

A celestial body consisting of the superdense remains of a massive star that has collapsed with sufficient force to push all of its electrons into the nuclei that they orbit, thus leaving only neutrons, and having a powerful gravitational attraction from which only neutrinos and high-energy photons can escape, rendering the body detectable only by x-ray.

Protostar, red dwarf, white dwarf, black dwarf

• Protostar, intermediate-mass star, red giant, white dwarf

Protostar, high-mass star, supergiant, supernova

a region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape.