-
Proactive interference
prior learning can interfere with recall of newer information
-
Retroactive interference
new learning can interfere with the recall of older information
-
positive transfer
- sometimes old learning can facilitate new learning (e.g., knowing
- Latin can make it easier to learn Spanish)
-
Motivated
Forgetting
People unknowingly revise their memories
-
Repression
- A defense
- mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from
- consciousness.
- Yet
- increasing numbers of memory researchers think repression rarely, if ever,
- occurs.
-
Misinformation
Effect
- Incorporating misleading information into one's memory
- of an event. People later find it nearly
- impossible to discriminate between memories of real and suggested events.
- Even imagining events can lead to false memories
-
Source
amnesia (or source misattribution)--
- Attributing an event to the wrong source that we
- experienced, heard, read, or imagined (misattribution).
- Whether
- memories are accurate or not, people express similar levels of confidence
-
Are memories of abuse repressed or
constructed?
- Many psychotherapists believe that early childhood sexual abuse results in repressed memories.
- However, other psychologists question such beliefs and think that such memories may be
- constructed.
-
False Memory Syndrome
A condition in which a person’s identity and
- relationships center around a false but strongly believed memory of a
- traumatic
experience, which is sometimes induced by well-meaning therapists
-
Loftus’ research
shows that if false memories (lost at the mall or drowned in a lake) are
implanted in individuals, they ______ their memories.
construct (fabricate)
-
ways on Improving Memory
- 1.Study
- repeatedly to boost long-term recall.
- 2.Spend
- more time rehearsing or actively thinking about the material.
- 3.Make
- material personally meaningful.
- §associate
- with peg words — something already stored
- 5.Activate
- retrieval cues — mentally recreate the situation and mood.
- 6.Recall
- events while they are fresh — before you encounter misinformation.
- 1.Test your
- own knowledge.
- 2.Rehearse
- and then determine what you do not yet know.
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