Adult Health - Gastrointestinal

The nurse is monitoring a client admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of appendicitis who is scheduled for surgery in 2 hours. The client begins to complain of increased abdominal pain and begins to vomit. On assessment, the nurse notes that the abdomen is distended and bowel sounds are diminished. Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention? 
1. Notify the health care provider (HCP). 
2. Administer the prescribed pain medication. 
3. Call and ask the operating room team to perform the surgery as soon as possible. 
4. Reposition the client and apply a heating pad on the warm setting to the client's abdomen.

A client has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and the nurse is assessing the client's pain. What type of pain is consistent with this diagnosis? 
1. Burning and aching, located in the left lower quadrant and radiating to the hip 
2. Severe and unrelenting, located in the epigastric area and radiating to the back 
3. Burning and aching, located in the epigastric area and radiating to the umbilicus 
4. Severe and unrelenting, located in the left lower quadrant and radiating to the groin

The nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing an acute episode of cholecystitis. Where should the nurse anticipate the location of the pain? 
1. Right lower quadrant, radiating to the back 
2. Right lower quadrant, radiating to the umbilicus 
3. Right upper quadrant, radiating to the left scapula and shoulder 
4. Right upper quadrant, radiating to the right scapula and shoulder

A client is admitted to the hospital with viral hepatitis, complaining of "no appetite" and "losing my taste for food." What instruction should the nurse give the client to provide adequate nutrition? 
1. Select foods high in fat. 
2. Increase intake of fluids, including juices. 
3. Eat a good supper when anorexia is not as severe. 
4. Eat less often, preferably only three large meals daily.

A client has developed hepatitis A after eating contaminated oysters. The nurse assesses the client for which expected assessment finding? 
1. Malaise 
2. Dark stools 
3. Weight gain 
4. Left upper quadrant discomfort

A client has just had a hemorrhoidectomy. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this client? Select all that apply. 
1. Administer stool softeners as prescribed. 
2. Instruct the client to limit fluid intake to avoid urinary retention. 
3. Instruct the client to avoid activities that will initiate vasovagal responses. 
4. Encourage a high-fiber diet to promote bowel movements without straining. 
5. Apply cold packs to the anal-rectal area over the dressing until the packing is removed. 
6. Help the client to a Fowler's position to place pressure on the rectal area and decrease bleeding.

The nurse is planning to teach a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease about substances to avoid. Which items should the nurse include on this list? Select all that apply. 
1. Coffee 
2. Chocolate 
3. Peppermint 
4. Nonfat milk 
5. Fried chicken 
6. Scrambled eggs

A client has undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The nurse should place highest priority on which item as part of the client's care plan? 
1. Monitoring the temperature 
2. Monitoring complaints of heartburn 
3. Giving warm gargles for a sore throat 
4. Assessing for the return of the gag reflex

The nurse has taught the client about an upcoming endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure. The nurse determines that the client needs further information if the client makes which statement? 
1. "I know I must sign the consent form." 
2. "I hope the throat spray keeps me from gagging." 
3. "I'm glad I don't have to lie still for this procedure." 
4. "I'm glad some IV medication will be given to relax me."

The health care provider has determined that a client with hepatitis has contracted the infection from contaminated food. The nurse understands that this client is most likely experiencing what type of hepatitis? 
1. Hepatitis A 
2. Hepatitis B 
3. Hepatitis C 
4. Hepatitis D

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of chronic gastritis. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that this client is at risk for which vitamin deficiency? 
1. Vitamin A 
2. Vitamin B₁₂ 
3. Vitamin C 
4. Vitamin E

The nurse is assessing a client 24 hours following a cholecystectomy. The nurse notes that the T-tube has drained 750 mL of green-brown drainage since the surgery. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? 
1. Clamp the T-tube. 
2. Irrigate the T-tube. 
3. Document the findings. 
4. Notify the health care provider.

The nurse is monitoring a client with a diagnosis of peptic ulcer. Which assessment finding would most likely indicate perforation of the ulcer? 
1. Bradycardia 
2. Numbness in the legs 
3. Nausea and vomiting 
4. A rigid, boardlike abdomen

The nurse is caring for a client following a Billroth II procedure. Which postoperative prescription should the nurse question and verify? 
1. Leg exercises 
2. Early ambulation 
3. Irrigating the nasogastric tube 
4. Coughing and deep-breathing exercises

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client following gastrectomy and should instruct the client to take which measure to assist in preventing dumping syndrome? 
1. Ambulate following a meal. 
2. Eat high-carbohydrate foods. 
3. Limit the fluids taken with meals. 
4. Sit in a high Fowler's position during meals.

The nurse is reviewing the prescription for a client admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Which interventions would the nurse expect to be prescribed for the client? Select all that apply. 
1. Administer antacids as prescribed. 
2. Encourage coughing and deep breathing. 
3. Administer anticholinergics as prescribed. 
4. Give small, frequent high-calorie feedings. 
5. Maintain the client in a supine and flat position. 
6. Give opioid analgesics as prescribed for pain.

The nurse is reviewing the record of a client with Crohn's disease. Which stool characteristic should the nurse expect to note documented in the client's record? 
1. Diarrhea 
2. Chronic constipation 
3. Constipation alternating with diarrhea 
4. Stool constantly oozing from the rectum

The nurse is reviewing the record of a client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis and notes that there is documentation of the presence of asterixis. How should the nurse assess for its presence? 
1. Dorsiflex the client's foot. 
2. Measure the abdominal girth. 
3. Ask the client to extend the arms. 
4. Instruct the client to lean forward.

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client with cirrhosis and notes that the ammonia level is elevated. Which diet does the nurse anticipate to be prescribed for this client? 
1. Low-protein diet 
2. High-protein diet 
3. Moderate-fat diet 
4. High-carbohydrate diet

The nurse is doing an admission assessment on a client with a history of duodenal ulcer. To determine whether the problem is currently active, the nurse should assess the client for which symptom(s) of duodenal ulcer? 
1. Weight loss 
2. Nausea and vomiting 
3. Pain relieved by food intake 
4. Pain radiating down the right arm

A client with hiatal hernia chronically experiences heartburn following meals. The nurse should plan to teach the client to avoid which action because it is contraindicated with a hiatal hernia? 
1. Lying recumbent following meals 
2. Consuming small, frequent, bland meals 
3. Raising the head of the bed on 6-inch blocks 
4. Taking H2-receptor antagonist medication

The nurse is assessing for stoma prolapse in a client with a colostomy. What should the nurse observe if stoma prolapse occurs? 
1. Protruding stoma 
2. Sunken and hidden stoma 
3. Narrowed and flattened stoma 
4. Dark- and bluish-colored stoma

A client had a new colostomy created 2 days earlier and is beginning to pass malodorous flatus from the stoma. What is the correct interpretation by the nurse? 
1. This is a normal, expected event. 
2. The client is experiencing early signs of ischemic bowel. 
3. The client should not have the nasogastric tube removed. 
4. This indicates inadequate preoperative bowel preparation.

A client has just had surgery to create an ileostomy. The nurse assesses the client in the immediate postoperative period for whichmost frequent complication of this type of surgery? 
1. Folate deficiency 
2. Malabsorption of fat 
3. Intestinal obstruction 
4. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

The nurse is doing preoperative teaching with a client who is about to undergo creation of a Kock pouch. The nurse interprets that the client has the best understanding of the nature of the surgery if the client makes which statement? 
1. "I will be able to pass stool by the rectum eventually." 
2. "The drainage from this type of ostomy will be formed." 
3. "I will need to drain the pouch regularly with a catheter." 
4. "I will need to wear a drainage bag for the rest of my life."

The nurse is monitoring a client for the early signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome. Which findings indicate this occurrence? 
1. Sweating and pallor 
2. Bradycardia and indigestion 
3. Double vision and chest pain 
4. Abdominal cramping and pain

A client presents to the emergency department with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and is in moderate distress. In planning care, what is the priority nursing action for this client? 
1. Assessment of vital signs 
2. Completion of abdominal examination 
3. Insertion of the prescribed nasogastric tube 
4. Thorough investigation of precipitating events

The nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis and is monitoring the client for paralytic ileus. Which assessment data should alert the nurse to this occurrence? 
1. Inability to pass flatus 
2. Loss of anal sphincter control 
3. Severe, constant pain with rapid onset 
4. Firm, nontender mass palpable at the lower right costal margin

The nurse inspects the color of the drainage from a nasogastric tube on a postoperative client approximately 24 hours after gastric surgery. Which finding indicates the need to notify the health care provider? 
1. Dark red drainage 
2. Dark brown drainage 
3. Green-tinged drainage 
4. Light yellowish brown drainage

The nurse is preparing to discontinue a client's nasogastric tube. The client is positioned properly, and the tube has been flushed with 15 mL of air to clear secretions. Before removing the tube, the nurse should make which statement to the client? 
1. "Take a deep breath when I tell you and hold it while I remove the tube." 
2. "Take a deep breath when I tell you and bear down while I remove the tube." 
3. "Take a deep breath when I tell you and slowly exhale while I remove the tube." 
4. "Take a deep breath when I tell you and breathe normally while I remove the tube."

The nurse is caring for a client with a resolved intestinal obstruction who has a nasogastric tube in place. The client has tolerated the tube being clamped every 2 hours for 1 hour. The health care provider has now prescribed that the nasogastric tube be removed. What is the priority nursing assessment prior to removing the tube? 
1. Checking for normal serum electrolyte levels 
2. Checking for normal pH of the gastric aspirate 
3. Checking for proper nasogastric tube placement 
4. Checking for the presence of bowel sounds in all four quadrants

A sexually active 20-year-old client has developed viral hepatitis. Which client statement indicates the need for further teaching? 
1. "I should avoid drinking alcohol." 
2. "I can go back to work right away." 
3. "My partner should get the vaccine." 
4. "A condom should be used for sexual intercourse."

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Which laboratory result should the nurse expect to note if the client does have appendicitis? 
1. Leukopenia with a shift to the left 
2. Leukocytosis with a shift to the left 
3. Leukopenia with a shift to the right 
4. Leukocytosis with a shift to the right

After performing an initial abdominal assessment on a client with a diagnosis of cholelithiasis, the nurse documents that the bowel sounds are normal. Which descriptionbest describes "normal bowel sounds"? 
1. Waves of loud gurgles auscultated in all four quadrants 
2. Low-pitched swishing auscultated in one or two quadrants 
3. Relatively high-pitched clicks or gurgles auscultated in all four quadrants 
4. Very high-pitched loud rushes auscultated especially in one or two quadrants

After undergoing Billroth I gastric surgery, the client experiences fatigue and complains of numbness and tingling in the feet and difficulties with balance. On the basis of these symptoms, the nurse suspects which postoperative complication? 
1. Stroke 
2. Pernicious anemia 
3. Bacterial meningitis 
4. Peripheral arterial disease

A client experiencing chronic dumping syndrome makes the following comments to the nurse. Which one indicates the need for further teaching? 
1. "I eat at least three large meals each day." 
2. "I eat while lying in a semirecumbent position." 
3. "I have eliminated taking liquids with my meals." 
4. "I eat a high-protein, low- to moderate-carbohydrate diet."

The nurse obtains an admission history for a client with suspected peptic ulcer disease. Which client factor documented by the nurse would increase the risk for peptic ulcer disease? 
1. Recently retired from a job 
2. Significant other has a gastric ulcer 
3. Occasionally drinks one cup of coffee in the morning 
4. Takes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for osteoarthritis

A client who has undergone gastric surgery has a nasogastric (NG) tube connected to low intermittent suction that is not draining properly. Which action should the nurse take initially? 
1. Call the surgeon to report the problem. 
2. Reposition the NG tube to the proper location. 
3. Check the suction device to make sure it is working. 
4. Irrigate the NG tube with saline to remove the obstruction.

In performing a physical assessment of a client with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, the nurse should expect which finding? 
1. Hypercalcemia 
2. Fibrous stricture 
3. Frothy, fatty stools 
4. Decreased hemoglobin

A client with acute ulcerative colitis requests a snack. Which would be the most appropriatesnack for this client? 
1. Carrots and ranch dip 
2. Whole-grain cereal and milk 
3. A cup of popcorn and a cola drink 
4. Applesauce and a graham cracker

The nurse is teaching the client with viral hepatitis about the stages of the disease. The nurse should explain to the client that the second stage of this disease is characterized by which specific assessment findings? Select all that apply. 
1. Jaundice 
2. Flu-like symptoms 
3. Clay-colored stools 
4. Dark or tea-colored urine 
5. Elevated bilirubin levels

The nurse is teaching an older client about measures to prevent constipation. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates that further teaching is necessary about bowel elimination? 
1. "I walk 1 to 2 miles every day." 
2. "I need to decrease fiber in my diet." 
3. "I have a bowel movement every other day." 
4. "I drink six to eight glasses of water every day."

The nurse provides dietary instructions to a client with a diagnosis of cholecystitis. Which food item identified by the client indicates an understanding of foods to avoid? 
1. Fresh fruit 
2. Brown gravy 
3. Fresh vegetables 
4. Poultry without skin

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with acute pancreatitis who was admitted to the hospital. Which assessment question would most specifically elicit information regarding the pain that is associated with acute pancreatitis? 
1. "Does the pain in your stomach radiate to the back?" 
2. "Does the pain in your lower abdomen radiate to the hip?" 
3. "Does the pain in your lower abdomen radiate to your groin?" 
4. "Does the pain in your stomach radiate to your lower middle abdomen?"

The nurse is caring for a client after abdominal surgery and creation of a colostomy. The nurse is assessing the client for a prolapsed stoma and should expect to note which observation if this is present? 
1. A sunken and hidden stoma 
2. A narrow and flattened stoma 
3. A stoma that is dusky or bluish 
4. A protrusion of the bowel with an elongated, swollen appearance of the stoma

The nurse is providing instructions to a client with a colostomy about measures to reduce the odor from the colostomy. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates an understanding of these measures? 
1. "I should be sure to eat at least one cucumber every day." 
2. "Beet greens, parsley, or yogurt will help to control the colostomy odor." 
3. "I will need to increase my egg intake and try to eat ½ to 1 egg per day." 
4. "Green vegetables such as spinach and broccoli will prevent odor, and I should eat these foods every day."

The nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client with a diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates an understanding of the dietary measures to take? 
1. "Baked foods such as chicken or fish are all right to eat." 
2. "Citrus fruits and raw vegetables need to be included in my daily diet." 
3. "I can drink beer so long as I consume only a moderate amount each day." 
4. "I can drink coffee or tea so long as I limit the amount to two cups daily."

The nurse has provided home care instructions to a client who had a subtotal gastrectomy. The nurse instructs the client regarding the signs and symptoms associated with dumping syndrome. Which signs and symptoms, if identified by the client, would indicate an understanding of this potential complication after gastrointestinal (GI) surgery? 
1. Hiccups and diarrhea 
2. Constipation and fever 
3. Diaphoresis and diarrhea 
4. Fatigue and abdominal pain

The nurse is providing instructions to a client regarding measures to minimize the risk of dumping syndrome. The nurse should make which suggestion to the client? 
1. Maintain a high-carbohydrate diet. 
2. Increase fluid intake, particularly at meal time. 
3. Maintain a low Fowler's position while eating. 
4. Ambulate for at least 30 minutes following each meal.

A client with peptic ulcer disease states that stress frequently causes exacerbation of the disease. The nurse determines that which item mentioned by the client is most likely to be responsible for the exacerbation? 
1. Sleeping 8 to 10 hours a night 
2. Ability to work at home periodically 
3. Eating five or six small meals per day 
4. Frequent need to work overtime on short notice

The nurse is giving dietary instructions to a client who has a new colostomy. The nurse should encourage the client to eat foods representing which diet for the first 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively? 
1. Low fiber 
2. Low calorie 
3. High protein 
4. High carbohydrate

A client with viral hepatitis is discussing with the nurse the need to avoid alcohol and states, "I'm not sure I can avoid alcohol." What is the most appropriate nursing response? 
1. "I don't believe that." 
2. "Everything will be all right." 
3. "I'm not sure that I understand. Would you please explain?" 
4. "I think you should talk more with the health care provider (HCP) about this."

A client is hospitalized with a diagnosis of viral hepatitis. To detect any difficulty in coping with this disease, the nurse should ask which question? 
1. "Do you have a fever?" 
2. "Are you losing weight?" 
3. "Have you enjoyed having visitors?" 
4. "Do you rest sometime during the day?"

A client with viral hepatitis states, "I am so yellow." What is the most appropriate nursing action? 
1. Assist the client in expressing feelings. 
2. Restrict visitors until the jaundice subsides. 
3. Perform most of the activities of daily living for the client. 
4. Provide information to the client only when he or she requests it.

A client with viral hepatitis has no appetite, and food makes the client nauseated. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate? 
1. Encourage foods that are high in protein. 
2. Monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalance. 
3. Explain that high-fat diets usually are better tolerated. 
4. Explain that most daily calories need to be consumed in the evening hours.

A nurse has implemented a bowel maintenance program for an unconscious client. The nurse would evaluate the plan asbest meeting the needs of the client if which method was successful in stimulating a bowel movement? 
1. Fleet enema 
2. Fecal disimpaction 
3. Glycerin suppository 
4. Soap solution enema (SSE)

The nurse checks the gastric residual of an unconscious client receiving nasogastric tube feedings continuously at 50 mL/hr. The nurse notes that the residual is 200 mL. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing which complication? 
1. Air in the stomach 
2. Too slow an infusion rate 
3. Delayed gastric emptying 
4. Early signs of peptic ulcer

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with viral hepatitis. The nurse should plan to include which information in the teaching session? 
1. The diet should be low in calories. 
2. Meals should be large to conserve energy. 
3. Activity should be limited to prevent fatigue. 
4. Alcohol intake should be limited to 2 ounces per day.

The nurse is preparing to teach a client with a new colostomy about how to perform a colostomy irrigation. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan? 
1. Use 500 to 1000 mL of warm tap water. 
2. Suspend the irrigant 36 inches above the stoma. 
3. Insert the irrigation cone ½ inch into the stoma. 
4. If cramping occurs, open the irrigation clamp farther.

The nurse is providing care for a client with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. The nurse suspects which diagnosis for this client? 
1. Gastritis 
2. Bowel obstruction 
3. Small bowel tumor 
4. Esophageal varices

The nurse has been caring for a client who required a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube because other treatment measures for esophageal varices were unsuccessful. The health care provider arrives on the nursing unit and deflates the esophageal balloon. After deflation of the balloon, the nurse should monitor the client most closely for which complication? 
1. Hematemesis 
2. Bloody diarrhea 
3. Swelling of the abdomen 
4. An elevated temperature and a rise in blood pressure

A client in a long-term care facility is being prepared to be discharged to home in 2 days. The client has been eating a regular diet for a week; however, he is still receiving intermittent enteral tube feedings and will need to receive these feedings at home. The client states concern that he will not be able to continue the tube feedings at home. Which nursing response is most appropriate at this time? 
1. "Do you want to stay here in this facility a few more days?" 
2. "Have you discussed your feelings with your health care provider?" 
3. "You need to talk to your health care provider about these findings." 
4. "Tell me more about your concerns with your diet after going home."

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a suspected diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The nurse will direct the assessment to look for which as a hallmark sign of this disorder? 
1. Hypothermia 
2. Epigastric pain radiating to the neck area 
3. Severe abdominal pain relieved by vomiting 
4. Severe abdominal pain that is unrelieved by vomiting

The nurse is reviewing the record of a client admitted to the nursing unit and notes that the client has a history of Laennec's cirrhosis. This type of cirrhosis is most commonly caused by which long-term condition? 
1. Alcohol abuse 
2. Cardiac disease 
3. Exposure to chemicals 
4. Obstruction to biliary ducts

The nurse who is caring for a client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis is monitoring the client for signs of portal hypertension. Which initialsign, if noted in the client, indicates the presence of portal hypertension? 
1. Weak pulse 
2. Hypotension 
3. Flat neck veins 
4. Crackles on auscultation of the lungs

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with cirrhosis and ascites. Which nursing actions should be included in the care plan for this client? Select all that apply. 
1. Monitor daily weight. 
2. Measure abdominal girth. 
3. Monitor respiratory status. 
4. Place the client in a supine position. 
5. Assist the client with care as needed.

The nurse is monitoring a client with cirrhosis of the liver for signs of hepatic encephalopathy. Which assessment finding would the nurse note as an early sign of hepatic encephalopathy? 
1. Restlessness 
2. Complaints of fatigue 
3. The presence of asterixis 
4. Decreased serum ammonia levels

A home care nurse is visiting a client with a diagnosis of pernicious anemia that developed as a result of gastric surgery. In teaching the client about this condition, the nurse explains that the stomach lining is producing a decreased amount of intrinsic factor, so the client will need which medication? 
1. An antacid 
2. An antibiotic 
3. Vitamin B₆ injections 
4. Vitamin B₁₂ injections

A client arrives at the hospital emergency department complaining of acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain, and appendicitis is suspected. Laboratory tests are performed, and the nurse notes that the client's white blood cell (WBC) count is elevated. On the basis of these findings, the nurse would question which health care provider's (HCP) prescriptions documented in the client's medical record? 
1. Apply a cold pack to the abdomen. 
2. Administer 30 mL of milk of magnesia (MOM). 
3. Maintain nothing-by-mouth (nil per os [NPO]) status. 
4. Initiate an intravenous (IV) line for the administration of IV fluids.

A health care provider (HCP) prescribes a Salem sump tube for gastrointestinal intubation. The nurse prepares for the insertion and obtains which item from the supply room? 
1. A Dobbhoff weighted tube 
2. A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube 
3. A tube with a large lumen and an air vent 
4. A tube with a single lumen that connects to suction

The nurse is preparing to insert a nasogastric (NG) tube as prescribed for the purpose of stomach decompression. The nurse reviews the health care provider's (HCP) prescriptions and anticipates that the HCP will prescribe which type of suction pressure and control? 
1. High and intermittent 
2. Low and intermittent 
3. High and continuous 
4. Low and continuous

The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. The nurse determines that the client understands the instructions if the client states the need to avoid which food? 
1. Rice 
2. Corn 
3. Broiled chicken 
4. Cream of wheat

Diphenoxylate hydrochloride with atropine sulfate (Lomotil) is prescribed for a client with ulcerative colitis. The nurse should monitor the client for which therapeutic effect of this medication? 
1. Decreased diarrhea 
2. Decreased cramping 
3. Improved intestinal tone 
4. Elimination of peristalsis

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, and the care unit nurse instructs the client about the medication. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further instruction? 
1. "The medication will cause constipation." 
2. "I need to take the medication with meals." 
3. "I may have increased sensitivity to sunlight." 
4. "This medication should be taken as prescribed."

A client with cirrhosis has ascites and excess fluid volume. Which assessment findings does the nurse anticipate to note as a result of increased abdominal pressure? Select all that apply. 
1. Orthopnea, dyspnea 
2. Petechiae and ecchymosis 
3. Inguinal or umbilical hernia 
4. Poor body posture and balance 
5. Abdominal distention and tenderness

A client has been advanced to a solid diet after undergoing a subtotal gastrectomy. The nurse caring for the client would perform which action to minimize the risk of dumping syndrome? 
1. Remove fluids from the meal tray. 
2. Give the client two large meals per day. 
3. Ask the client to sit up for 1 hour after eating. 
4. Provide concentrated, high-carbohydrate foods.

The ambulatory care nurse is providing instructions to a client who is scheduled for a small bowel biopsy. What should the nurse tell the client? 
1. Clear liquids only are allowed on the day of the test. 
2. A signed informed consent form will need to be obtained. 
3. A tube will be inserted through the rectum to obtain the tissue sample. 
4. A full liquid diet will need to be maintained for 48 hours after the procedure.

A client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The nurse plans care, knowing that the client has dysfunction of which part of the digestive system? 
1. Chief cells of the stomach 
2. Parietal cells of the stomach 
3. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) 
4. Upper esophageal sphincter (UES)

A client is experienced delayed gastric emptying. The nurse plans care, knowing that dysfunction of which structures is responsible for the client's symptoms? 
1. Ileum 
2. Jejunum 
3. Pyloric sphincter 
4. Cardiac sphincter

A client who has had a gastrectomy is not producing sufficient intrinsic factor. The nurse plans care, knowing that the client has lost the ability to absorb cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) in which abdominal structure? 
1. Colon 
2. Stomach 
3. Large intestine 
4. Small intestine

A client with a diagnosis of stomach ulcer from gastric hyperacidity asks the nurse why the acid has not caused an ulcer in the small intestine as well. The nurse responds that the pH of intestinal contents is raised by bicarbonate, which is present in which area of the body? 
1. Bile 
2. Parietal cells 
3. Liver enzymes 
4. Pancreatic juice

A client with appendicitis is scheduled for an appendectomy. The nurse providing preoperative teaching for the client describes the location of the appendix by stating that it is attached to which part of the gastrointestinal system? 
1. Ileum 
2. Cecum 
3. Rectum 
4. Jejunum

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who has been diagnosed with pancreatitis. The nurse checks the laboratory results form, anticipating that which enzyme will remain normal in the client? 
1. Lipase 
2. Lactase 
3. Trypsin 
4. Amylase

A nurse is caring for a group of clients on the surgical nursing unit. The nurse anticipates that the client who underwent which procedure is most likely to have some long-term residual difficulty with absorption of nutrients? 
1. Colectomy 
2. Appendectomy 
3. Ascending colostomy 
4. Small bowel resection

A client with spinal cord injury (SCI) is participating in a bowel retraining program. The nurse develops a plan that is based in part on the knowledge that defecation is normally a result of which phenomena? 
1. Sufficiently low water content in the stool 
2. Low intestinal roughage that promotes easier digestion 
3. Constriction of the anal sphincter based on voluntary control 
4. Stimulation of the parasympathetic reflex center at the S1 to S4 level in the spinal cord

A client is experiencing blockage of the common bile duct. The nurse anticipates that the client's diet will be altered because the client will experience difficulty digesting which nutrient? 
1. Fats 
2. Proteins 
3. Carbohydrates 
4. Water-soluble vitamins

A hospitalized client with liver disease has a dietary protein restriction. The nurse encourages intake of which complete proteins to maximize the availability of essential amino acids? 
1. Nuts 
2. Meats 
3. Cereals 
4. Vegetables

A nurse is reviewing laboratory test results for a client with liver disease and notes that the client's albumin level is low. The nurse next assesses the client for which physiological effect of decreased circulating albumin? 
1. Cerebral edema 
2. Peripheral edema 
3. Decreased clotting ability 
4. Reflexive increase in total protein level

A client with liver dysfunction is having difficulty with protein metabolism. The nurse checks the laboratory results, expecting that the results of which serum laboratory values will be elevated? 
1. Lactase 
2. Albumin 
3. Ammonia 
4. Lactic acid

A client is admitted to the hospital with severe weight loss after extreme dieting. The nurse plans care, knowing that which physiological processes occur in the prolonged absence of adequate food intake? 
1. Lactic acidosis 
2. Glycogenolysis 
3. Gluconeogenesis 
4. Glucose metabolism

A nurse is providing a simple overview of the anatomy of the liver and gallbladder for a client hospitalized with biliary obstruction. The nurse explains that normally the liver stores bile in the gallbladder and that the liver and gallbladder are connected together by which passageway? 
1. Cystic duct 
2. Liver canaliculi 
3. Common bile duct 
4. Right hepatic duct

A client with liver dysfunction exhibits low serum levels of thrombin. The nurse provides care, knowing that this client is most at risk for which complication? 
1. Bleeding 
2. Infection 
3. Dehydration 
4. Malnutrition

A nurse who is caring for an older client is aware that the client is at risk for prolonged medication effects as a result of the normal aging process. The nurse would be most concerned with this effect if the client had a history of disease of which organ? 
1. Liver 
2. Stomach 
3. Pancreas 
4. Gallbladder

A hospitalized client is diagnosed with pancreatitis. The nurse plans care, knowing that production of which substance will be elevated in blood studies for this client? 
1. Pepsin 
2. Lactase 
3. Amylase 
4. Enterokinase

A client with gastric hypersecretion is scheduled for surgery. The nurse teaches the client that the procedure will lessen the stomach's production of acid by altering which structure? 
1. Portal vein 
2. Celiac artery 
3. Vagus nerve 
4. Pyloric valve

Lactulose (Chronulac) is prescribed for a hospitalized client with a diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. Which assessment finding indicates that the client is responding to this medication therapy as anticipated? 
1. Vomiting occurs. 
2. The fecal pH is acidic. 
3. The client experiences diarrhea. 
4. The client is able to tolerate a full diet.

Cholestyramine resin (Questran Light) is prescribed for a client with an elevated serum cholesterol level. The nurse should instruct the client to take the medication in which way? 
1. After meals 
2. Mixed with fruit juice 
3. Via a rectal suppository 
4. At least 3 hours before meals

Pancreatin (Viokase) is prescribed for a client with postgastrectomy syndrome. Which assessment finding would indicate a therapeutic effect of this medication? 
1. The client's appetite improves. 
2. The client experiences weight loss. 
3. Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency is controlled. 
4. The stool is less fatty and decreases in frequency.

The nurse is evaluating the plan of care for a client with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) who is experiencing acute pain. The nurse determines that the expected outcomes have not been met if the nursing assessment reveals which result? 
1. The client's pain is relieved with histamine-2 receptor antagonists. 
2. The client has eliminated any irritating foods from the diet. 
3. The client frequently is awakened at 2 am with heartburn. 
4. The client reports absence of pain before meals.

A client with a history of gastric ulcer complains of a sudden, sharp, severe pain in the midepigastric area, which then spreads over the entire abdomen. The client's abdomen is rigid and boardlike on palpation, and the client obtains most comfort from lying in the knee-chest position. The nurse calls the health care provider immediately, suspecting that the client is experiencing which complication of peptic ulcer disease? 
1. Perforation 
2. Obstruction 
3. Hemorrhage 
4. Intractability

A client is readmitted to the hospital with dehydration after surgery for creation of an ileostomy. The nurse assesses that the client has lost 3 lb of weight, has poor skin turgor, and has concentrated urine. The nurse interprets the client's clinical picture as correlating most closely with recent intake of which medication, which is contraindicated for the ileostomy client? 
1. Folate (folic acid) 
2. Sennosides (Ex-Lax) 
3. Ferrous sulfate (Feosol) 
4. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)

A Penrose drain is in place on the first postoperative day in a client who has undergone a cholecystectomy procedure. Serosanguineous drainage is noted on the dressing covering the drain. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? 
1. Change the dressing. 
2. Continue to monitor the drainage. 
3. Notify the health care provider (HCP). 
4. Use a pen to circle the amount of drainage on the dressing.

A nurse assists a health care provider in performing a liver biopsy. After the procedure, the nurse should place the client in which position? 
1. Prone 
2. Supine 
3. Left side 
4. Right side

A home care nurse is visiting a client with a diagnosis of pernicious anemia that developed as a result of gastric surgery. The nurse instructs the client that because the stomach lining produces a decreased amount of intrinsic factor in this disorder, the client will need which medication? 
1. Vitamin B₁₂ injections 
2. Vitamin B₆ injections 
3. An antibiotic 
4. An antacid

A client arrives at the hospital emergency department complaining of acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Appendicitis is suspected, and appropriate laboratory tests are performed. The emergency department nurse reviews the test results and notes that the client's white blood cell (WBC) count is elevated. The nurse also reviews the prescriptions from the health care provider (HCP). The nurse should contact the HCP to question which prescription if noted in the client's record? 
1. Maintain a semi-Fowler's position. 
2. Maintain an NPO (nothing by mouth) status. 
3. Apply a heating pad to the lower abdomen for comfort.
4. Initiate an intravenous (IV) line with the administration of IV fluids.

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intermittent feeding via a nasogastric (NG) tube. Before administering a feeding to the client, the nurse should perform which action first? 
1. Warm the feeding to 103° F. 
2. Check the placement of the tube. 
3. Rinse the Asepto syringe with warm water. 
4. Check the last time medications were given.

The nurse has given instructions to a client with hepatitis about post-discharge management during convalescence. The nurse determines that further teaching is needed if the client makes which statement? 
1. "I need to avoid alcohol and aspirin." 
2. "I should eat a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet." 
3. "I can resume a full activity level within 1 week." 
4. "I need to take the prescribed amounts of vitamin K."

The nurse is caring for a client who had a subtotal gastrectomy. The nurse should assess the client for which signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome? 
1. Diarrhea, chills, and hiccups 
2. Weakness, diaphoresis, and diarrhea 
3. Fever, constipation, and rectal bleeding 
4. Abdominal pain, elevated temperature, and weakness

The nurse is caring for a client who has just returned from the operating room after the creation of a colostomy. The nurse is assessing the drainage in the pouch attached to the site where the colostomy was formed and notes serosanguineous drainage. Which nursing action is appropriate based on this assessment? 
1. Apply ice to the stoma site. 
2. Apply pressure to the stoma site. 
3. Notify the health care provider (HCP). 
4. Document the amount and characteristics of the drainage.

The clinic nurse is performing an abdominal assessment on a client and preparing to auscultate bowel sounds. The nurse should place the stethoscope in which quadrant first?

1. A 
2. B 
3. C 
4. D

The nurse has been caring for a client with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. The health care provider arrives on the nursing unit and deflates the esophageal balloon. Afterward, the nurse should monitor the client most closely for which sign? 
1. Hematemesis 
2. Bloody diarrhea 
3. Swelling of the abdomen 
4. An elevated temperature and a rise in blood pressure

A client has a large, deep duodenal ulcer diagnosed by endoscopy. Which sign/symptom indicative of a complication should the nurse look for during the client's postprocedure assessment? 
1. Bradycardia 
2. Nausea and vomiting 
3. Numbness in the legs
4. A rigid board-like abdomen

The nurse is assisting a client with Crohn's disease to ambulate to the bathroom. After the client has a bowel movement, the nurse should assess the stool for which characteristic that is expected with this disease? 
1. Blood in the stool 
2. Chalky gray stool 
3. Loose, watery stool 
4. Dry, hard, constipated stool

The nurse is reviewing the results of serum laboratory studies for a client admitted for suspected hepatitis. Which laboratory finding is most associated with hepatitis requiring the nurse to contact the health care provider? 
1. Elevated serum bilirubin level 
2. Below normal hemoglobin concentration 
3. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level 
4. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

The nurse is assessing a client with a duodenal ulcer. The nurse interprets that which sign/symptom is most consistent with the typical presentation of duodenal ulcer? 
1. Weight loss 
2. Nausea and vomiting 
3. Pain that is relieved by food intake 
4. Pain that radiates down the right arm

The nurse is assisting a health care provider (HCP) with the insertion of a Miller-Abbott tube. The nurse understands that the procedure places the client at risk for aspiration and should therefore implement which action to decrease the risk of aspiration? 
1. Insert the tube with the balloon inflated. 
2. Place the client in a semi- to high Fowler's position. 
3. Instruct the client to cough when the tube reaches the nasal pharynx. 
4. Instruct the client to perform a Valsalva maneuver if the impulse to gag and vomit occurs.

A client's nasogastric (NG) feeding tube has become clogged. The nurse should take which action first? 
1. Replace the tube. 
2. Aspirate the tube. 
3. Flush with carbonated liquids. 
4. Flush the tube with warm water.

The nurse is obtaining a health history for a client with chronic pancreatitis. The health history is most likely to include which as a common causative factor in this client's disorder? 
1. Weight gain 
2. Use of alcohol 
3. Exposure to occupational chemicals 
4. Abdominal pain relieved with food or antacids

A client seen in the ambulatory care clinic has ascites and slight jaundice. The nurse should assess the client for a history of chronic use of which medication? 
1. Ibuprofen (Advil) 
2. Ranitidine (Zantac) 
3. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 
4. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)

The nurse teaches a preoperative client about the use of a nasogastric (NG) tube for the planned surgery. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client understands when the tube can be removed in the postoperative period? 
1. "When I can tolerate food without vomiting." 
2. "When my gastrointestinal (GI) system is healed enough." 
3. "When my bowels begin to function again, and I begin to pass gas." 
4. "When my health care provider (HCP) says the tube can come out."

A client with gastritis asks the nurse at a screening clinic about analgesics that will not cause epigastric distress. The nurse should tell the client that which medication is unlikely to cause epigastric distress? 
1. Ecotrin 
2. Bufferin 
3. Ascriptin 
4. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client hospitalized for pancreatitis. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? 
1. Chili 
2. Bagel 
3. Lentil soup 
4. Watermelon

A home care nurse visits a client who was recently diagnosed with cirrhosis. The nurse provides home care management instructions to the client. Which client statement indicates a need for further instruction? 
1. "I will obtain adequate rest." 
2. "I will take Tylenol if I get a headache." 
3. "I should monitor my weight on a regular basis."
4. "I need to include sufficient amounts of carbohydrates in my diet."

A client with acute pancreatitis is experiencing severe pain from the disorder. The nurse determines that the client understands suggestions for positioning to reduce pain if he or she avoids which action? 
1. Sitting up 
2. Lying flat 
3. Leaning forward 
4. Drawing the legs up to the chest

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving bolus feedings via a nasogastric tube. As the nurse is finishing the feeding, the client asks for the bed to be positioned flat for sleep. The nurse understands that which is themost appropriate position for this client at this time? 
1. Head of bed flat, with the client supine for 60 minutes 
2. Head of bed flat, with the client in the supine position for at least 30 minutes 
3. Head of bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees, with the client in the right lateral position for 60 minutes 
4. Head of bed in a semi-Fowler's position, with the client in the left lateral position for 60 minutes

Before administering an intermittent enteral feeding through a nasogastric tube, the nurse assesses for gastric residual. The nurse understands that this procedure is important to accomplish which purpose? 
1. Observe the digestion of formula. 
2. Assess fluid and electrolyte status. 
3. Evaluate absorption of the last feeding. 
4. Confirm proper nasogastric tube placement.

The nurse has inserted a nasogastric (NG) tube to the level of the oropharynx and has repositioned the client's head in a flexed-forward position. The client has been asked to begin swallowing. The nurse starts to slowly advance the NG tube with each swallow. The client begins to cough, gag, and choke. Which nursing action would least likely result in proper tube insertion and promote client relaxation? 
1. Pulling the tube back slightly 
2. Continuing to advance the tube to the desired distance 
3. Instructing the client to breathe slowly and take sips of water 
4. Checking the back of the pharynx using a tongue blade and flashlight

The nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis and is monitoring the client for paralytic ileus. Which assessment data would alert the nurse to this occurrence? 
1. Inability to pass flatus 
2. Loss of anal sphincter control 
3. Severe, constant pain with rapid onset 
4. Firm, nontender mass palpable at the lower right costal margin

The client with a small bowel obstruction asks the nurse to explain the purpose of the nasogastric tube attached to continuous gastric suction. The nurse determines that teaching has been effective if the client makes which statement? 
1. "It will help to provide me nourishment." 
2. "It will help to relieve the congestion from excess mucus." 
3. "It is used to remove gastric contents for laboratory analysis." 
4. "It will help to remove gas and fluids from my stomach and intestine."

A client is scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Which assessment is essential to include in the plan of care following the procedure? 
1. Assessing pulses 
2. Monitoring urine output 
3. Monitoring for rectal bleeding 
4. Assessing for the presence of the gag reflex

A client is diagnosed with a gastrointestinal (GI) bleed, and the bleeding has been controlled. Antacids are prescribed to be administered every hour. The nurse administers the antacids and should plan to maintain an approximate gastric pH of which value? 
1. 3 
2. 6 
3. 9 
4. 15

A nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Which laboratory result should the nurse expect to note if the client does have appendicitis? 
1. WBC count of 4000 cells/mm³ 
2. WBC count of 8000 cells/mm³ 
3. WBC count of 18,000 cells/mm³ 
4. WBC count of 26,000 cells/mm³

The client with acute pancreatitis is experiencing severe pain from the disorder. Which position taken by the client indicates there is a need for further teaching? 
1. Sitting up 
2. Lying flat 
3. Leaning forward 
4. Flexing the left leg

A client is admitted to the hospital with acute viral hepatitis. Which sign or symptom should the nurse expect to note based on this diagnosis? 
1. Fatigue 
2. Pale urine 
3. Weight gain 
4. Spider angiomas

A nurse manager is providing an educational session to nursing staff members about the phases of viral hepatitis. The nurse manager tells the staff that which clinical manifestation(s) is/are primarily characteristic of the preicteric phase? 
1. Pruritus 
2. Right upper quadrant pain 
3. Fatigue, anorexia, and nausea 
4. Jaundice, dark-colored urine, and clay-colored stools

A client who has a gastrostomy tube for feeding refuses to participate in the plan of care, will not make eye contact, and does not speak to the family or visitors. Which type of coping mechanism should the nurse assess that this client is using? 
1. Distancing 
2. Self-control 
3. Problem solving 
4. Accepting responsibility

A nurse is teaching the postgastrectomy client about measures to prevent dumping syndrome. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching? 
1. "I need to lie down after eating." 
2. "I need to drink liquids with meals." 
3. "I need to avoid concentrated sweets." 
4. "I need to eat small meals six times daily."

A client has been diagnosed with pernicious anemia. In planning care for the client, the nurse should anticipate that the client will be treated with which substance? 
1. Iron 
2. Thiamine 
3. Folic acid 
4. Vitamin B₁₂

A client presents to the emergency department with upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and is in moderate distress. In planning care, which nursing action should be the first priority for this client? 
1. Assessment of vital signs 
2. Complete abdominal examination 
3. Thorough investigation of precipitating events 
4. Insertion of a nasogastric tube and Hematest of emesis

A nurse is reviewing the health care provider's prescriptions written for a client admitted to the hospital with acute pancreatitis. Which prescription should the nurse confirm? 
1. Full liquid diet 
2. Morphine sulfate for pain 
3. Nasogastric tube insertion 
4. An anticholinergic medication

A nurse has given post-procedure instructions to a client who has undergone a colonoscopy. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching? 
1. "It is normal to feel gassy or bloated after the procedure." 
2. "The abdominal muscles may be tender from the procedure." 
3. "It is all right to drive once I've been home for an hour or so." 
4. "Intake should be light at first and then progress to regular intake."

A nurse is reviewing the medication record of a client with acute gastritis. Which medication, if noted on the client's record, should the nurse question? 
1. Digoxin (Lanoxin) 
2. Furosemide (Lasix) 
3. Indomethacin (Indocin) 
4. Propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal LA)

A nurse is caring for a client postoperatively after creation of a colostomy. What is the appropriate client problem? 
1. Fear 
2. Sexual dysfunction 
3. Disturbed body image 
4. Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Which finding, if noted on assessment of the client, should the nurse report to the health care provider (HCP)? 
1. Hypotension 
2. Bloody diarrhea 
3. Rebound tenderness 
4. A hemoglobin level of 12 mg/dL

A nurse is performing colostomy irrigation on a client. During the irrigation, the client begins to complain of abdominal cramps. What is the appropriate nursing action? 
1. Stop the irrigation temporarily. 
2. Increase the height of the irrigation. 
3. Notify the health care provider (HCP). 
4. Medicate for pain and resume the irrigation.

The medication history of a client with peptic ulcer disease reveals intermittent use of several medications. The nurse would teach the client to avoid which of these medications because of its irritating effects on the lining of the gastrointestinal tract? 
1. Nizatidine (Axid) 
2. Sucralfate (Carafate) 
3. Ibuprofen (Motrin IB) 
4. Omeprazole (Prilosec)

The nurse should instruct a client with an ileostomy to include which action as part of essential care of the stoma? 
1. Massage the area below the stoma. 
2. Take in high-fiber foods such as nuts. 
3. Limit fluid intake to prevent diarrhea. 
4. Cleanse the peristomal skin meticulously.

A client who has undergone creation of a colostomy has a concern about body image. What action by the client indicates the most significant progress toward identified goals? 
1. Looking at the ostomy site 
2. Reading the ostomy product literature 
3. Watching the nurse empty the ostomy bag 
4. Practicing proper cutting of the ostomy appliance

A client with a new colostomy is concerned about the odor from stool in the ostomy drainage bag. The nurse should teach the client to include which food in the diet to reduce odor? 
1. Eggs 
2. Yogurt 
3. Broccoli 
4. Cucumbers

A client with a colostomy has a prescription for irrigation of the colostomy. Which solution should the nurse use for the irrigation? 
1. Tap water 
2. Sterile water 
3. Sterile distilled water 
4. Sterile lactated Ringer's

A client with chronic pancreatitis needs information on dietary modification to manage the health problem. Which item in the diet should the nurse teach the client to limit? 
1. Fat 
2. Protein 
3. Carbohydrate 
4. Water-soluble vitamins

A nurse has taught the client with chronic pancreatitis about risk factor modification to reduce the incidence of recurrences. The nurse should determine that the client has understood the information if the client states that it will be necessary to control which factor? 
1. Alcohol intake 
2. Duodenal ulcer 
3. Crohn's disease 
4. Diabetes mellitus

A client with cirrhosis is beginning to show signs of hepatic encephalopathy. The nurse should plan a dietary consultation to limit the amount of which ingredient in the client's diet at this time? 
1. Protein 
2. Calories 
3. Minerals 
4. Carbohydrates

A client with cirrhosis complicated by ascites is admitted to the hospital. The client reports a 10-lb weight gain over the last 1½ weeks. The client has edema of the feet and ankles, and his abdomen is distended, taut, and shiny with striae. Which client problem is most appropriate at this time? 
1. Difficulty with breathing 
2. Risk for skin breakdown 
3. Difficulty with sleeping 
4. Excessive body fluid volume

A client with Crohn's disease is experiencing acute pain and the nurse provides information about measures to alleviate the pain. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching? 
1. "I know I can massage my abdomen." 
2. "I will continue using antispasmodic medication." 
3. "One of the best things I can do is use relaxation techniques." 
4. "The best position for me is to lie supine with my legs straight."

A client with ulcerative colitis has a prescription to begin a salicylate medication to reduce inflammation. What instruction should the nurse give the client regarding when to take this medication? 
1. On arising 
2. After meals 
3. On an empty stomach 
4. 30 minutes before meals

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute diverticulitis. What should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client? 
1. NPO (nothing by mouth) status 
2. Ambulation at least four times daily 
3. Cholinergic medications to reduce pain 
4. Coughing and deep breathing every 2 hours

A nurse is participating in a health screening clinic and is preparing teaching materials about colorectal cancer. Which risk factor for colorectal cancer should the nurse include? 
1. High-fiber, low-fat diet 
2. Age older than 30 years 
3. Distant relative with colorectal cancer 
4. Personal history of ulcerative colitis or gastrointestinal polyps

The nurse should incorporate which in the dietary plan to ensure optimal nutrition for the client during the acute phase of hepatitis? Select all that apply. 
1. Select foods high in protein content. 
2. Consume multiple small meals throughout the day. 
3. Select foods low in carbohydrates to prevent nausea. 
4. Allow the client to select foods that are most appealing. 
5. Eliminate fatty foods from the meal trays until nausea subsides.
6. Eat a nutritious dinner because it is typically the best tolerated meal of the day.

A nurse is caring for a postoperative client who has just returned from surgery for creation of a colostomy. The nurse inspects the colostomy stoma and recognizes that which is a normal assessment finding for this client? 
1. A pale color 
2. A purple color 
3. A brick-red color 
4. A large amount of red drainage

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Which would the nurse expect the client to report about the pain? 
1. The pain is mostly around the umbilicus and comes and goes. 
2. The pain increases when the client sits up and bends forward. 
3. The pain usually increases after vomiting. 
4. Eating helps to decrease the pain.

The nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client who has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of suspected gastric ulcer. The nurse is asking the client questions about pain. Which statement, if made by the client, would support the diagnosis of gastric ulcer? 
1. "The pain doesn't usually come right after I eat." 
2. "The pain gets so bad that it wakes me up at night." 
3. "The pain that I get is located on the right side of my chest." 
4. "My pain comes shortly after I eat, maybe a half-hour or so later."

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with suspected acute pancreatitis. When reviewing the client's laboratory results, the nurse interprets that which finding will support the diagnosis? 
1. Elevated serum lipase level 
2. Elevated serum bilirubin level 
3. Decreased serum trypsin level 
4. Decreased serum amylase level

A nurse is caring for a client postoperatively following creation of a colostomy. Which client problem should the nurse include in the plan of care? 
1. Fear 
2. Anxiety 
3. Sexual dysfunction 
4. Upset about appearance

A client is experiencing blockage of the common bile duct. Which food selection made by the client indicates the need for further teaching? 1. Rice 
2. Whole milk 
3. Broiled fish 
4. Baked chicken

A nurse is reviewing laboratory test results for the client with liver disease and notes that the client's albumin level is low. Which nursing action is focused on the consequence of low albumin levels? 
1. Evaluating for asterixis 
2. Inspecting for petechiae 
3. Palpating for peripheral edema 
4. Evaluating for decreased level of consciousness

Discharge teaching for a client with chronic pancreatitis should include which instructions? 
1. Alcohol should be consumed in moderation. 
2. Avoid caffeine, because it may aggravate symptoms. 
3. Diet should be high in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. 
4. Frothy fatty stools indicate that enzyme replacement is working.

In which optimal position should the nurse plan to place the client after bolus feeding using a nasogastric tube? 
1. Head of bed (HOB) flat, with client supine for at least 60 minutes 
2. HOB elevated 60 to 90 degrees, with client supine for 15 minutes 
3. HOB elevated 10 degrees, with client in the left lateral position for 60 minutes 
4. HOB elevated 30 to 45 degrees, with client in the right lateral position for 60 minutes

A client receiving a cleansing enema complains of pain and cramping. The nurse should take which corrective action? 
1. Discontinue the enema. 
2. Reassure the client, and continue the flow.
3. Raise the enema bag so that the solution can be completed quickly. 
4. Clamp the tubing for 30 seconds, and restart the flow at a slower rate.

A client with a history of gastrointestinal upset has been diagnosed with acute diverticulitis. The nurse should give the client suggestions for foods to aid in symptom management that are in which diet types? 
1. A low-fat diet 
2. A low-fiber diet 
3. A high-protein diet 
4. A high-carbohydrate diet

A nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis. As part of dietary teaching to minimize the effects of the disorder, the nurse teaches the client about foods that are high in thiamine. The nurse determines that the client has the best understanding of the material if the client states to increase intake of which food? 
1. Pork 
2. Milk 
3. Chicken 
4. Broccoli

A client is resuming a diet after hemigastrectomy and the nurse provides dietary instructions. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching? 
1. "I plan to lie down after eating." 
2. "I will eat six small meals per day." 
3. "I will drink plenty of liquids with meals." 
4. "I know to exclude concentrated sweets in my diet."

A client with liver dysfunction has low serum levels of fibrinogen and a prolonged prothrombin time (PT). Based on these findings, which actions should the nurse plan to promote the client's safety? Select all that apply. 
1. Monitor serum potassium levels. 
2. Weigh client daily, and monitor trends. 
3. Monitor for symptoms of fluid retention. 
4. Provide the client with a soft toothbrush. 
5. Instruct the client to use an electric razor. 
6. Monitor all secretions for frank or occult blood.