-
Define inductance.
Induced voltage opposite applied voltage.
-
What does inductive and capacitance reactance cause?
Opposition to current flow in AC circuits.
-
What represents capacitance in AC Circuits?
Capacitors
-
What is the nature of capacitors?
They serve as storage devices.
-
Why should Ni-Cad and lead acid batteries not be stored together?
They are chemically opposite and can neutralize each other.
-
Name the basic elements of a circuit.
The Source, Load, and Conductors.
-
-
Name the elements of Ohm's Law
- E = Voltage
- I = Current
- R = Resistance
-
What is DC power measured in
Watts
-
Name the three types of DC circuits
- Series
- Parallel
- Series-Parallel (complex)
-
What happens in a DC circuit if the voltage increases, but the resistance remains the same?
the current flow will increase
-
What could be the problem if a NI-Cad fails to deliver?
a cell imbalance or bad cell
-
What are the advantages of AC?
It can be transmitted more readily over long distance and AC can be stepped up or down by transformers.
-
What are some things a multimeter can be use to check?
Amps, Volts, Ohms
-
What is impedance?
Z - The total opposition to current flow in a circuit.
-
How many cells are in a 24 volt battery?
12 cells (2v each)
-
what is the specific gravity of charged lead acid battery?
1.275 - 1.300
-
What are the effects temperature has on the specific gravity of a lead acid battery?
Anything above or below 80 degree F must be corrected with conversion chart.
-
Why is no specific gravity check done on Ni-Cad batteries?
- there is no real change of the specific gravity during charge or discharge of a Ni-cad
- battery.
-
Name the information found in the title block of a drawing.
- Part Number
- Name of the part
- scale
- date
- firm name
- draftsmen
- checker
- approving person
-
What line is used to indicate an alternate position.
- the phantom line
- one long and two short dashes
-
What line is used to illustrate hidden views?
- A hidden line.
- short dashes with even spaces.
-
what line is used to illustrate centers of objects?
- A center line
- Long and Short dashes
-
What line is used to size objects?
- A dimension line.
- A solid line broken at center point for dimensions.
-
Drawing changes are indicate how?
Revisions on columns near title block.
-
What is tolerance?
A tolerance is a plus or minus allowance
-
What is clearance?
A space between parts
-
What is BOM
a "bill of Materials" or listing of materials for the part on the drawing.
-
Why are symbols used on drawings?
They serve as a short hand and reduce the complexity of the drawing.
-
how may a drawing show most detail?
By drawing a detail view at a larger scale than the principal view.
-
What is the purpose for one view drawings?
Shows objects of uniform thickness.
-
What are schematics used for?
Troubleshooting purposes
-
What is an orthographic drawing?
A drawing showing different views at right angles.
-
What is the primary purpose for computing weight and balance?
Safety
-
How do you arrive at a moment?
Multiply the weight times the arm.
-
What are the results of an excessive forward center of gravity?
Instability and difficulty flying.
-
how do you compensate for equipment installed in out of the CG range?
Install Ballast
-
What is the datum?
Station 0 or the point from which all horizontal measurements are taken.
-
Define tare weight
any weight added to the scales to stabilize the aircraft, but not part of the aircraft weight.
-
How is the ARM obtained>
through specifications or a measurement from the datum to the object
-
What is necessary when the weight and balance records are missing
Reweigh the aircraft
-
How do we treat new equipment added to an aircraft
compute weight and balance mathematically
-
what is done with fuel in weight and balance?
The fuel is drained or topped off and computed in the weight and balance.
-
how do you get a ( + ) moment aft of datum?
by adding weight.
-
how do you get a ( - ) moment in front of the datum?
by adding weight
-
What is done with all equipment not permanently installed?
take out
-
What is a loading graph
a way to determine the CG at a glance
-
What is residual fuel
Fuel left in the system after draining
-
Define ballast
weight added to an aircraft to correct the CG
-
Name some common leveling methods
level and leveling means or protractor or a plumb bob
-
how does a plane's CG range compare to a helicopters CG range?
A helicopter has a smaller range
-
Why is aircraft category a factor in weight and balance
differing categories have different gross weights and CG ranges.
-
Define MAC
Mean Aerodynamic Chord
-
Name two ways to show CG or CG range
Inches from datum or percentage of mean aerodynamic chord.
-
name the two types of fluid lines used on aircraft
metal and flexible lines
-
how are metal lines sized? what increments are used?
Metal lines are sized by O.D. in sixteenth inch and wall thickness in thousandths of an inch
-
what markings are found on flexible hoses?
size, manufacturing date, pressure range and temperature limits.
-
identify the features of flare tube fittings
there is a shoulder between end of threads and flare cone and the fittings are usually blue.
-
what de-burring caution should be exercised?
do not reduce wall thickness
-
name the parts of a standard flareless fitting
the body, sleeve, and nut
-
name two kinds of flares
single and double
-
what is the advantage of flexible teflon
high temperature and pressure ranges. compatibility with many chemicals.
-
how are flexible hoses sized?
I.D. one sixteenths increments
-
how do Q.D.'s (quick disconnects) work?
valve and spring
-
how do you determine if a line is twisted on install
ID stripe or lay line running the length of the hose.
-
how much longer should a flexible line be when fabricating a new line?
5-8% longer than required to reach the fittings
-
what happens to an over torqued flareless tube fitting
the nut drives cutting edge of sleeve too deep into the tubing causing the tube to weaken
-
what fitting should be used on stainless lines?
stainless
-
how should metal oil, fuel, and hydraulic lines be installed
clamped and bonded
-
what is the purpose of a quick disconnect (QD)
quick, no fluid loss, no air or debris entering system
-
what is the difference between AN and AC flared fittings?
Sleeve length, thread pitch, AN has a shoulder between thread and cone, overall length, color
-
what is the purpose of a sleeve on a flared tube fitting?
the sleeve draws tubing flare tightly against the male fitting
-
visual differences between flareless fitting and flared fitting?
No flare cone and no space between threads and fitting
-
Effects of over torque on flare fittings
damages flare causing weak point
-
what does the magnetic particle process consist of
magnetizing part, apply ferromagnetic particles, particles will for a pattern on the surface.
-
What NDT could be used to check for surface cracks in aluminum fittings?
- Dye Penetrant
- X-Ray
- Eddy Current
- Ultrasonic
- Visual
-
what occurs at preparation when penetrant is applied and removed from a part?
Penetrant enters crack and stays. Developer is applied to make crack visible.
-
list the steps used for dye penetrant procedure
- clean
- apply penetrant
- remove penetrant
- dry
- apply developer
- inspect for results
-
how are bolts identified
code markings on heads
-
what do rivet head markings indicate
material and strength of the rivet
-
how do you torque hardware when no information is available
use a standard torque table
-
what does grip length correspond to
material thickness
-
how do you keep quenched rivets from hardening
refrigerated lower than 32 degrees F
-
when do you NOT use a self-locking nut
when it is subject to rotation
-
what is the difference between a general purpose an close tolerance bolt?
close tolerance bolts are machined more accurately
-
what is the most common control cable used today
7x19 flexible stainless steel
-
how is work hardening achieved
by cold working metal
-
what are the characteristics of a welding bead in a butt weld?
the weld bead should be three to five times the material thickness in width, have a smooth taper into the base metal, and have one hundred percent penetration
-
what are the undesirable characteristics of a cold weld?
Improper penetration, rough irregular cold laps, and not feathered into the base metal
-
What is the proper penetration of a fillet weld?
25-50%
-
what is used to make outside measurements?
outside micrometers or vernier calipers
-
what tools are used to inspect welds
magnifying glass and a boroscope
-
why must micrometers be calibrated?
if they are dropped, if the frame is spring due to improper use, or general wear
-
why is an alloy steel that heat treats well not good to weld?
it becomes brittle and cracks
-
what is the difference between a thermo plastic and a thermosetting resin
(Plastics) Thermoplastics can soften or melt and harden again. (resin Matrix) Thermosetting resins will char and burn at elevated temperatures.
-
name a purpose for thermoplastics and a thermosetting resin
- thermoplastics - plexiglass
- thermosetting resins - matrix in composites
-
name materials used in composites
- kevlar
- fiberglass
- carbon fiber
-
name one substance used as a matrix
- polyester resin
- epoxy resin
-
what is the advantage of using pre-impregnated materials (prepregs)?
Proper matrixes, fibers evenly coated, correct mix of resin and hardener
-
what should be done if an induction fire occur at engine start?
continue cranking; if that doesn't work, have a fire guard extinguish
-
how does one check for hydraulic lock
pull the propeller through three or four times in the direction of rotation
-
what damage can result from hydraulic lock
bent or broken connecting rods
-
what information must be near oil fillers?
oil type or reference to proper service manual
-
what results in using jet fuel contaminated AVGAS?
Engine damage or failure
-
can avgas be used in a turbine engine?
yes, for a limited operations. continued use could cause a loss in efficiency and damage
-
What could be the result of using a lower grade fuel than needed
overheating and damage due to detonation
-
What are the physical and safety requirements needed for starting a power plant?
Check list, orient aircraft into the wind, check blast area and intake area, secure GPU and post a fire guard
-
What hand prop procedures should be followed
fuel on, switch off, throttle closed, brakes on, contact
-
What types of knots are used to secure aircraft
anti-slip knot, square knot, or bowline
-
what brakes are used when towing
the tow vehicles brakes
-
why should a mechanic know standard light signals
for taxiing aircraft around active runways
-
where is hand signals published
AIM - Airmans Information Manual
-
When fueling aircraft, what precautions should be taken
use correct fuel, ground aircraft and vehicle, protect surfaces
-
when is pre-oiling of an engine needed
new engines, preserved engines
-
What is a hot start
when temperatures exceed limits during starting sequence on a turbine engine
-
Is automotive gas legal for use in an aircraft engine?
yes if there is an STC (supplemental type certificate)
-
what is some water in fuel indicators
hazy fuel, visible slugs of water settled on the bottom of the fuel sample. Chemical additives can detect hidden water
-
What are some ground operation hazaards?
FOD, other aircraft, people or obstacles, fire on startup, noise levels, props and rotor, hydraulic lock, weather vaneing, limited visibility
-
what does 100 in 100 low lead avgas mean
octane rating
-
List three factors of corrosion
Environmental, type metal, dissimilar metals, condition of protective coatings, presence of electrolytes + contaminants
-
Name thre forms of corrosion
surface, dissimilar metal, intergranular, filliform, fretting
-
list the procedures in corrosion prevention maintenance
clean, lubricate, inspect, treat, seal protective covers, clear drain holes
-
name 5 areas pron to corrosion
exhaust trail areas, battery vent openings, bilges, wheel wells, gear, flap recesses, hinges, any area that can trap water
-
what is the proper tool to remove corrosion on aluminum anodized surface
aluminum wool, aluminum brush, non-metallic brush, nylon pads (scotch brite)
-
what are precautions necessary during washing.
avoid protected areas, bearings, hinges, sealed areas, pitot static tubes
-
name light duty cleaning agents
soap and synthetic detergent
-
Name heavy duty cleaning agents
solvents and emulsions
-
what are some general conditions that cause stress corrosion cracks
sustained tensile stress and corrosive environment
-
how may filliform corrosion look
blistered paint with worm or fern like patterns
-
what is preferred for cleaning plastics
soap and water or approved cleaner
-
why should aluminum polish not be used on anodized surfaces
the polish removes the protective oxide coating
-
what is used to clean aircraft tires
soap and water
-
why should you use only recommended cleaner s on fabric or plastics
they cause less deterioration
-
list one cause of filliform corrosion
improper or incomplete wash primer, failure to keep acidic contaminants off surface.
-
why clean before inspection?
Remove residue that could hide potential problems
-
How may fretting be identified
smoky appearance
-
how do we best protect piano hinges
clean and lubricate regularly
-
what is alodine used for
provide oxide coat to protect aluminum surfaces and as a substrate to help paint bond
-
should you use steel wool on aluminum, why or why not
No, causes corrosion
-
what is the square root of a number
when two or more equal numbers when multiplied together will produce the desired number
-
define square root
- when a number multiplied by itself is equal to the desired number
- square root of 4 = 2
-
how can you perform math with large numbers
powers of 10
-
how may 1,000,000 be written
- = 10 to the 6th power
- 10^6
-
what is the formula for area of a rectangle
L x W
-
name the formula for area of a circle
- Pi x Radius squared
- Pi R^2
-
what is pi
the ratio of the circumference of a circle compared to the diameter of the circle
-
Define trapezoid
an object with four sides only two parallel
-
show two ways to express a ratio
-
what is a proportion
statement of equality between two or more ratios
-
change .29 from a decimal to a percent
.29 = 29%
-
what is the rule for dividing fractions
invert divisor and then multiply
-
what are the steps to add or subtract unlike fractions
find the least common denominator and convert the fractions to the same denominator
-
what are the steps to convert a fraction to a decimal
divide numerator by the denominator
-
list steps to convert fraction to a percent
divide numerator by denominator, move decimal, and affix a percentage sign
-
how do you convert a decimal to its nearest fraction?
multiply decimal by desired fractional
-
where is a 100 hour inspection recorded
aircraft maintenance record
-
who make the 100 hour inspection entry
only the person doing the inspection
-
list the minimum logbook entries required after maintenance
- date
- description
- name
- signature
- certificate number
- and kind of certification held
-
where are major alterations recorded
maintenance records and FAA Form 337
-
How long must 100 hour inspection records be retained
until repeated, superseded, or 1 year
-
how long are AD entries retained
life of the aircraft and transferred at sale
-
who may 0 time an engine
manufacturer
-
what FAR contains minumum entry information for a 100 hour inspection entry
FAR Part 43.11
-
how many copies of form 337 must be completed
copy to owner and copy to FAA
-
when is a 3rd copy of form 337 needed
when an additional fuel tank is installed in a passenger or baggage compartment. one stays onboard the aircraft
-
how do you properly enter dispcrepancies found during a 100 hour or annual inspection
make a maintenance log book entry and provide a list of discrepancies to the aircraft owner/operator
-
define time in service TIS.
from takeoff until touchdown
-
what regulation give inspection authorization
FAR Part 65.95
-
what are the penalties for making fraudelent entries in aircraft log books
suspension or revocation of certificates. FAR Pat 43.12
-
Who may return to service a progressive inspection away from a aircraft's maintenance base
mechanic, repair station, manufacturer
-
overhaul vs rebuild
overhaul is tested against current standards. rebuilt must test to new limits using parts to new limits and approved over and under sizes
-
when is total time in service required in a log book entry
inspection entries
-
where could one find the minimum scope and detail of a 100 hour or annual inspection
FAR Part 43 appendix D
-
what rotorcraft parts must be inspected I/A/W maintenance manuals or maintenance instructions
Drive shafts, main rotor gear box, and main rotor center section, tail rotor
-
how can we identify received parts as serviceable
- 1. approval for RTS entry in record for part
- 2. FAA Form 337
-
what is abolute zero
the temperature at which molecular activity stops
-
what is the standard day barometric altimeter setting
29.92 In/hg
-
Define kinetic energy
Energy in motion
-
Wat is a British Thermal Unit BTU
Amount of energy required to raise 1 lb of water 1 degree F
-
name the three methods of heat transfer
- conduction
- convection
- radiation
-
define friction
the opposition to relative movement between two parts
-
list two factors of work
force and distance
-
name the parts of a basic lever
the bar and fulcrum
-
what class of lever is a wheelbarrow
second class
-
what is a 1st class lever
- the fulcrum is located between the applied force and the load
- pair of scissors or seesaw
-
what is a 2nd class lever
- the load is situated between the fulcrum and the force
- wheelbarrow
-
what is a 3rd class lever
- the force is applied between the fulcrum and the load
- tweezers
-
what is the standard day temperature
59 degrees F
-
what factors are considered in determining density altitude
pressure and temperature
-
define relative humidity
the amount of water vapor actually present in the air
-
what is the nature of pressure of confined fluids
the pressure acts equally in all directions
-
what unit is used to describe pressure in a hydraulic system
- PSI
- pounds per square inch
-
what is the basic formula for computing force
- F=PxA
- Force = Pressure x Area
-
Liquids are considered
Incompressible
-
Name three states of matter
-
what is matter
Anything that has weight and takes up space
-
what is the speed of sound during standard day conditions
750 mph
-
what is affected by thermal expansion
-
name the four forces of flight
-
what do you call the angle between an aircraft's wing and relative wind
Angle of Attack (AOA)
-
what causes an airfoil to stall
separation of the airflow above the surface
-
function of a vortex generator
reduces stall speed and unloads flight control surfaces
-
what is the purpose of flaps
- increase lift
- decrease stall speeds
- create drag
-
what is the difference of air flow in helicopter powered flight and auto-rotation
changes direction of air from above to below to from below to above
-
what does flapping do for helicopters
balances lift across the rotor disk
-
what publication lists engines approved for specific engines on an airframe
(TCDS) Type Certificate Data Sheet
-
when must a manufacturers service bulletin be complied with
when it becomes an airworthiness directive
-
what manual is prepared for service technicians
maintenance service manuals
-
how would you find the categories a plane is approved in
TCDS
-
why are AD's published
correct unsafe conditions
-
what publication corrects unsafe conditions
Airworthiness Directives
-
when must AD's be complied with
as directed in the AD
-
what manual publications notify owners of defects found on their planes
- service bulletins
- service letters
- service instructions
-
what publications determine dimensional stability of an engine part
engine overhaul manual
-
what publication sets limitations and type design
specifications or TCDS
-
what regulation sets requirements for issue of TCDS
Part 21
-
what regulation set the Airworthiness Standards for new transport category airplanes
Part 25
-
what are advisory circulars
non regulation information of interest to the aviation public
-
when is summary of ADs published
Every other year
-
Are AD's issued to mechanics
NO
-
who is responsible to ensure the latest information is used in maintenance
the mechanic completing the task
-
how do you maintain an old aircraft with no manuals
use advisory circular 43.13
-
where can you find the minimum checklist to perform an annual or 100 hour inspection
FAR Part 43 appendix D
-
Where can you find the classification for major repair or alterations
FAR Part 43 appendix A
-
how often are AD's issued
Bi-weekly
-
what FAR part describes mechanics privileges and limitations
FAR Part 65
-
Where can you find your resentsy requirements
FAR Part 65.83
-
where can you find change of address requirements
FAR Part 65.21
-
what type of work can a mechanic complete
FAR Part 65.81
-
what are mechanics privileges concerning props
FAR Part 65.81
-
what are mechanic privileges concerning instruments
FAR Part 65.81
-
what can mechanic approve for Return to Service
FAR Part 43.7
-
what can be used as a guide for classifying work
FAR Part 43 appendix A
-
what are you airframe license privileges
65.85
-
can an airframe rated person work on engines
65.81
-
what are privileges and limitations of an airframe and powerplant rated mechanic regarding major repairs and alterations
FAR Part 65.81, 65.85, and 65.87
-
what is the duration of airframe and powerplant rating
forever, FAR Part 65.15
-
how long are temporary licenses valid
120 days 65.13
-
how long can certifications be held after revocation
1 year 65.11
-
what if your temporary certificate is older than 120 days
120 days 65.13
-
what is a power plant rated mechanics privileges
perform a 100 hour inspection only on the engine 65.87
-
where can you find a pilots privilege to perform maintenance
FAR Part 43.3 and 43.7
-
when can a mechanic perform an annual inspection
when the mechanic obtains an Inspection Authorization. FAR Part 65.95
-
what ratings can be held by a mechanic
airframe and power plant 65.73
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