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Thomas Cole, The Architect’s Dream, oil on canvas, 1840
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John Singleton Copley, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Izard (Alice Delancey), oil on canvas, 1775
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Reconstruction drawing, of a prehistoric hut, Terra Amata, near Nice, France, ca. 400,000 BC
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Painted caves at Lascaux, Dordogne, France, ca. 15000-13000 BC
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Carnac alignments, Brittany, France, ca. 4250-3750 BC
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Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England, ca. 2900-1400 BC
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Çatal Hüyük, Konya Plain, Anatolia, Turkey, ca. 6500-5700 BC
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a prehistoric tomb made of large upright stones, capped with a horizontal stone, and
originally buried under an earth mound.
dolmen
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a circle of upright stones or posts.
henge
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a surface that is written or drawn upon, and then cleared and reused, often leaving trace
remnants of the previous work.
palimpsest
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construction using upright posts and horizontal lintels, not arches or vaults; also known
as “post-and-beam” or “post-and-lintel” construction.
trabeation
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building materials used for making walls, consisting of “wattle” or thin branches
weaved between upright stakes, and reinforced by applying “daub” or a plaster-like substance over the wattle structure.
wattle and daub
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White Temple and Ziggurat, Uruk (Warka, Iraq), ca. 3500-3000 BC
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Stele with law code of Hammurabi, from Susa, Iran, basalt, ca. 1780 BC
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Statues of Gudea, including one holding temple plan, from Girsu, Iraq, diorite, ca. 2100 BC
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Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu, Ur, Iraq, ca. 2100 BC
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Citadel of Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad, Iraq), ca. 720 BC
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Citadel of Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad, Iraq), ca. 720 BC
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Lamassu figures and tribute bearers, gypsum, from Citadel of Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin, ca. 720 BC
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Ishtar Gate, Babylon (Iraq), glazed brick, ca. 575 BC
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in ancient Mesopotamia, an indirect approach into a temple or cella; generally gods
entered into a temple on the long axis, while humans entered on the short axis and turned 90-degrees to approach the cult statue.
bent-axis approach
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an asphalt of Asia Minor used in ancient times as a cement and mortar.
bitumen
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the main room in a temple, housing the cult statue.
cella
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an Assyrian guardian in the form of a human-headed winged bull.
lamassu
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in ancient Mesopotamia, a pyramidal mound or tower built of mud-brick forming the
base of a temple, usually stepped or having a broad ascent winding around it.
ziggurat
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