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ARM
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Who came up with vaccination?
- Jenner
- via using cow pox as a vaccination for cow pox
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Who came up with immunizations
- Pasteur
- -used Jenners ideas of vaccination
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What does the immune system describe?
tissues, cells, and molecules involved in the host protection against foreign threats
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*What is the goal of every immune response?
- Eliminate the threat and secure the survival of the host
- (threat: doesn't have to be a microbe it can be neoplasia, tissue damage, foreign body etc..)
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With respect to infections with pathogenic organisms the goal of the immune response it to.....
Eradicate (or at least control) the foreign invador
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****KNOW FO SHO
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
- rapid, early phase response
- involves a variety of innate resistance mechanisms to recognize and respond to the presence of a pathogen
- based on germ-line encoded receptors
- present in all individuals at all times
- does not increase efficiency with repeated exposure to a given pathogen *NO MEMORY (response the same every time, cant change)
- recognises groups of related pathogens (not specifics, so ie it can ID Gram + from Gram - but not specific strain variations within) perfect tolerance to host, selected over evolutionary time (wont react against self, because long evolution)
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*****KNO FO SHO
ADAPTIVE (ACQUIRED) IMMUNE SYSTEM
- slow, late phase response
- response by antigen-specific lymphocytes to antigen (lymphocytes are key cells*)
- generated by clonal selection of lymphocytes
- requires gene rearrangement of highly specific receptors
- Development of immunological memory. improves with repeated exposure
- specific for single molecules
- imperfect tolerance, selected in individual (recognises a very small specific microbe, but not a large general like Gram+, differentiates* each animal has a different antigen R, so each animal individually has its on set but do same thing across species)
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*Innate Immune System: how it works and what it is
- First line of defense
- ancient, evolutionary conserved system
- relies on widely expressed proteins and receptors that recognize conserved microbial molecules
- diverse range of effector mechanisms
- NOT SIMPLE
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* what are the major components of the innate immune system?
- Serum proteins: complement and acute phase proteins
- professional phagocytes: neutrophils and macrophages
- natural killer cells (innate killer cells)
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