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-lysis
to loosen or dissolve
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-acusis
hearing condition
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-ism
condition or disease
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-phagia
eating or swallowing
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-trophy
growth, enlargement
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-ism
condition or disease
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AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
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LES
lower esophageal sphincter
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AC
*awaiting consumption*
before eating, before meals
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PC
*post consumption*
after eating, after meals
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Functions of the GI System:
Main: break down food into molecules to be used by cells for nutrition and energy
- * Ingestion
- * Digestion
- * Absorption
- * Elimination
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The upper GI system:
- * the oral cavity
- * esphagus
- * stomach
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Upper GI - the oral cavity
- * mouth
- * teeth
- * tongue
- * hard palate - anterior, separates oral and nasal
- * soft palate - posterior, separates oral and nasal
- * uvula - prevents food from entering nasal
- * pharynx (throat) - transports bolus and fluids to esophagus
- * epiglottis - covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea and bronchi
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The Upper GI - Esophagus, sphincters, stomach
- * Esophagus - carries bolus from pharynx to stomach
- * Sphincters - regulate movement
- * Stomach - bolus mixes with hycrochloric acid (HCI) and enzymes to form chyme
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The Lower GI System
- * small intestine
- * large intestine
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The Lower GI - small intestine
- - 23ft long
- - 3 sections: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
- - lined with villi to increase absorption
- - enzymes break down carbs, sugars, proteins and fats
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The Lower GI - large intestine
- - 5ft in length
- - Cecum: receives contents from small intestines through ileocecal valve
- - Appendix
- - 3 sections: ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon
- - sigmoid colon: between descending and rectum
- - Rectum: final section of large intestine, stores solid waste
- - Anus: opening to eliminate solid waste
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Accessory Organs (exocrine glands) of Digestion
- * Salivary Glands - saliva, ptyalin
- * Liver - largest solid organ, produces protein to maintain blood volume and promote clotting, produces/secretes bile, stores fat soluble vitamins, detoxifies alcohol, drugs, toxins
- * Gallbladder - stores bile until needed
- * Pancreas - only gland with endocrine and exocrine functions; secretes digestive enzymes into small intestine
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Important Enzymes: speed up chemical reactions in the body
- * Amylase (ptyalin) - starches to sugar - salivary glands, pancreas
- * Pepsin - proteins to amino acids - stomach
- * Maltase - maltose (from grains) to glucose and galactose - small intestines
- * Lactase - lactose to glucose - small intestines
- * Sucrase - sugars into glucose and fructose - small intestines
- * Trypsin - proteins into amino acids - pancreas
- * Lipase - fat for absorption - pancreas, salivary glands, stomach
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Dysphagia:
difficulty swallowing
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Dyspepsia:
upset stomach or stomach pain
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Melena:
abnornally dark colored stool that results from GI bleeding
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Ascites:
Build up of fluids in the abdomina cavity
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-lysis
loosen or dissolve
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-tripsy
surgical crushing
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-centesis
surgical puncture
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