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What is Motivation?
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Four perspectives to
explain motivation include the following:
- 1.Instinct Theory
- 2.Drive-Reduction Theory
- 3.Arousal Theory
- 4.Hierarchy of Motives
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what is instinct?
- a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a
- species and is unlearned
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When the instinct theory of motivation failed it was replaced by the drive-reduction theory. which is...
A physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need (Hull, 1951).
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The physiological aim of drive reduction is ____, the
maintenance of a steady internal state (e.g., maintenance of steady body
temperature).
homeostasis
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Where our needs push, _____
(positive or negative stimuli) pull us in reducing our
drives.
incentives
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What is the incentive in this example?
A food-deprived
person who smells baking bread feels a strong
hunger drive.
the smell of baking bread
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Explain the Arousel Theory
Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it. Young monkeys and children are known to explore the environment in the absence of a need-based drive.
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Hierarchy of Needs is
Abraham Maslow (1970) suggested that certain needs have priority over others. Physiological needs like breathing, thirst, and hunger come before psychological needs such as achievement, self-esteem, and the need for recognition.
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