-
(~ of sth) the act of keeping sth in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly
maintenance
-
[C] (~ of sth) [often in compounds] a person, company, or piece of equipment that makes or produces sth
maker
-
[usually before noun] connected with the work of a manager
managerial
-
[of work, etc.] involving using the hands or physical strength
manual
-
[business] the amount of profit made on the sale of a good or service
margin
-
[business − of a loan or an insurance policy, etc.] the time when money you have lent or invested is ready to be paid back
maturity
-
a method or a system for achieving sth mechanism
- [pl. ~ os] [also formal memo·ran·dum] (~ to sb) an official note from one person to another in the same organization
- memo
-
(~ with/into sth | ~ A with B | ~ A and B together) to combine, or make two or more things combine, to form a single thing
merge
-
[C] (~ between/of A and B | ~ with sth) the act of joining two or more organizations or businesses into one
merger
-
[only before noun] connected with money, especially all the money in a country
monetary
-
(~ in/of/on sth) [business] the complete control of trade in particular goods or the supply of a particular service; a type of goods or a service that is controlled in this way
monopoly
-
paid, valid or calculated for 30 days
monthly
-
1. (also [informal] a home loan) a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years; the sum of money that you borrow (noun) 2. to raise cash using property as security (~ a house) (verb)
mortgage
-
the reason why sb does sth or behaves in a particular way
motivation
-
1. existing in or involving many countries (adjective) 2. a company that operates in many countries (noun)
multinational
-
[v] (~ with sb, for/about sth) to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion
negotiate
-
[C, usually pl., U] formal discussion between people who are trying to reach an agreement
negotiation
-
[usually before noun] the amount that remains when nothing more is to be taken away
net
-
1. [U] the state of being forced to do sth because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc. 2. [C] something which you must do because you have promised, because of a law, etc.
obligation
-
1. controlled by or connected to a computer or to the Internet (adjective) 2. by means of the Internet (adverb)
online
-
[usually before noun] connected with the way in which a business, machine, system, etc. works
operational
-
[often in compounds] a person who runs equipment or a machine
operator
-
describing a group of people who form a business, club, etc. together in order to achieve a particular aim
organizational
-
the result or effect of an action or event
outcome
-
connected with or in foreign countries, especially those separated from your country by the sea or ocean (adjective and adverb)
overseas
-
[U] the fact of possessing sth ownership
- (~ in sth) a person who is taking part in an activity or event
- participant
-
[v] (~ in sth) [rather formal] to take part in or become involved in an activity
participate
-
that which must be paid or can be paid
payable
-
(~ sb/sth [as sth]) to understand or think of sb/sth in a particular way
perceive
-
[C+sing./pl. v.] the number, amount, rate of sth, expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100; a part or share of a whole
percentage
-
personal computer (abbreviation)
PC
-
[pl.] the people who work for an organization or one of the armed forces
personnel
-
[BrE] public limited company (abbreviation used after the name of a company or business)
plc
-
(finance) a set of shares owned by a particular person or organization
portfolio
-
1. an amount of money that you pay once or regularly for an insurance policy (noun) 2. of a particularly high quality or standard (e.g. a ~ product) (adjective)
premium
-
[only before noun] most important; main
principal
-
mainly, chiefly
principally
-
[U] to sell a business or an industry so that it is no longer owned by the government
privatization
-
[U, C] how likely sth is to happen, [SYN] likelihood
probability
-
[U] the rate at which a worker, a company or a country produces goods, and the amount produced, compared with how much time, work and money is needed to produce them
productivity
-
a description of sb/sth that gives useful information
profile
-
that which makes or is likely to make money
profitable
-
a person or an organization that supplies sb with sth they need or want
provider
-
[U, C, usually sing.] the act of supplying sb with sth that they need or want; sth that is supplied
provision
-
(formal) a person who buys sty
purchaser
-
[pl. –os] (~ of A to B) the relationship between two groups of people or things that is represented by two numbers showing how much larger one group is in relation to the other
ratio
-
[C, U] a difficult time for the economy of a country, when there is less trade and industrial activity than usual and more people are unemployed
recession
-
[C] (~ to sb for/on/about sth) a formal suggestion about the best thing to do
recommendation
-
[U,C, usually sing.] recovery (from sth) the process of becoming well again after an illness or an injury
recovery
-
1. to find new people to join a company, an organization, the armed forces, etc (verb) 2. a person who has just joined a company etc. (noun)
recruit
-
the process of finding new people to join a company or an organization
recruitment
-
the situation when sb has to leave their job because there is no more work available for them
redundancy
-
[U, C] the act of making an official record of sth/sb, a document showing that an official record has been made of sth
registration
-
to control sth by means of rules
regulate
-
a person or an organization that officially controls an area of business or industry and makes sure that it is operating fairly
regulator
-
[usually before noun] having the power to control an area of business or industry and make sure that it is operating fairly
regulatory
-
[C, usually pl.] a sum of money that you pay regularly to a bank, etc. until you have returned all the money that you owe
repayment
- [U] the act of putting a person/ thing in the place of another, especially sth that is newer or better
- replacement
-
[C] a formal statement of an opinion agreed on by a committee or a parliament/council, especially by means of a vote
resolution
-
[C, usually pl.] (~ on sb/sth) a rule, a fact, an idea, etc. that limits or controls what people can do
restraint
-
to organize sth such as a system or a company in a new and different way
restructure
-
[C] the act of organizing sth such as a system or a company in a new and different way
restructuring
-
1. [U] the selling of goods to the public, usually through shops/stores (noun) 2. connected with the sale of goods to the public (adjective) 3. at the price paid by the general public (adverb)
retail
-
[U] the business of selling goods to the public, usually through shops/ stores
retailing
-
person or business that sells goods to the public
retailer
-
[U] (also revenues [pl.]) the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organization receives from its business
revenue
-
(~ for sth | ~ for sb to do sth) the opportunity or ability to do or achieve sth; [SYN] potential
scope
-
person or organisation that parts with a good or product in return for money; (good, poor, etc. ~) a product that has been sold in the amounts or way mentioned; [SYN] vendor
seller
-
[C] an official agreement that ends an argument between two people or groups
settlement
-
an owner of equity in a company or business
shareholder
-
[usually before noun] lasting a short time; designed only for a short period of time in the future
short-term
-
(~ in sth) to become an expert in a particular area of work, study or business; to spend more time on one area of work than on others
specialize
-
designed or developed for a particular purpose or area of knowledge
specialized
-
[C, U] a detailed description of how sth is, or should be, designed or made
specification
-
to state sth, especially by giving an exact measurement, time, exact instructions, etc.
specify
-
[C] money that sb invests in a company; [sing.] (~ in sth) an interest or share in a business, plan, etc. that is important to you and that you want to be successful
stake
-
that which can be won or lost, depending on the success of a particular action
at stake
-
1. [only before noun] connected with starting a new business or project (adjective) 2. a company that is just beginning to operate (noun)
start-up
-
[C] a piece of information shown in numbers
statistic
-
(also [informal] stats) [pl.] a collection of information shown in numbers
statistics
-
[usually before noun] fixed by law; that which must be done by law
statutory
- [U] the money system of Britain, based on the pound
- sterling
- [usually sing.] a place where shares in companies are bought and sold; all of the business activity involved in doing this
- stock exchange
-
the business of buying and selling shares in companies and also the place where this happens
stock market
-
done as part of a plan that is meant to achieve a particular purpose or to gain an advantage (adjective)
strategic
-
in a manner that is meant to achieve a particular purpose or to gain an advantage (adverb)
strategically
-
[usually before noun] connected with the way in which sth is built or organized (adjective)
structural
-
according to the way in which sth is built or organized (adverb)
structurally
-
(~ sth to sb/sth) to give a document, proposal, etc. to sb in authority so that they can study or consider it
submit
-
(~ to sth) to pay an amount of money regularly in order to receive or use sth
subscribe
-
a person who pays to receive a service
subscriber
-
(~ to/for sth) an amount of money you pay, usually once a year, to receive regular copies of a newspaper or magazine; the act of paying this money
subscription
-
[formal] happening or coming after sth else
subsequent
-
[formal] afterwards; later; after sth else has happened
subsequently
-
1. [pl. –ies] a business company that is owned or controlled by another larger company (noun) 2. secondary (adjective)
subsidiary
-
a person or company that produces or finds and delivers goods
supplier
-
1. the amount by which the amount of money received is greater than the amount of money spent (noun) 2. in addition to that which is required or needed (adjective)
surplus
-
involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment
sustainable
-
an act of taking control of a company by buying most of its shares
takeover
-
money that has to be paid to government on income, profits, etc.; the system of collecting money due to government on income, profits, etc.
taxation
-
a person who pays money to the government, especially on the money that they earn
taxpayer
-
[pl.] the technology of sending signals, images and messages over long distances by radio, telephone, television, satellite, etc.
telecommunications
-
a person who pays rent for the use of a room, building, land, etc. to the person who owns it
tenant
-
1. a formal offer to supply goods or do work at a stated price; [SYN] bid (noun) 2. (~ for sth) to make a formal bid to supply goods or services (verb)
tender
-
a person who buys and sells things as a job
trader
-
[C] (~ between A and B) a piece of business that is done between people, especially an act of buying or selling
transaction
- [sing.+ sing./pl. v.] [in Britain, the US and some other countries] the government department that controls public money
- Treasury
-
1. [C, usually sing., U] (~ of sth) the total amount of goods or services sold by a company during a particular period of time 2. the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by other people 3. [sing.] (~ of sth) the rate at which goods are sold in a shop/store and replaced by others
turnover
-
[U] the state of being not sure
uncertainty
-
[formal] to be the basis or cause of sth
underlie
-
important in a situation but not always easily noticed or stated clearly
underlying
- [-took, -taken] to make yourself responsible for sth and start doing it
- undertake
-
[C] (~ to do sth) | ~ that … ) [formal] an agreement or a promise to do sth
undertaking
-
[C] [especially NAmE] a service provided for the public, for example an electricity, water or gas supply utility
- a professional judgement about how much money sth is worth
- valuation
-
1. often changing; likely to change (adjective) 2. a situation, number or quantity that can vary or be varied (noun)
variable
-
[U] [BrE] a tax that is added to the price of goods and services (abbreviation for ‘value added tax’)
VAT
-
a person who sells things, for example food or newspapers, often outside on the street
vendor
-
1. done willingly, not because you are forced 2. [usually before noun] [of work] done by people who choose to do it without being paid
voluntary
-
1. willingly; without being forced 2. without payment, free
voluntarily
-
[pl. –ies] [C, U] a written agreement in which a company selling sth promises to repair or replace it if there is a problem within a particular period of time; [SYN] guarantee
warranty
-
1. all the people who work for a particular company, organization, etc.; [SYN] staff 2. all the people in a country or an area who are available for work
workforce
-
1. [usually before noun] affecting all parts of the planet (adjective) 2. all over the world (adverb)
worldwide
-
1. to produce or provide sth, for example a profit, result, or crop (verb) 2. the profit, result or crop resulting from a particular economic basis (noun)
yield
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