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Self Care P2 Year

The flashcards below were created by user burxguy on FreezingBlue Flashcards.

  1. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
    Established standards of strength, quality, and purity
  2. Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act of 1938
    Established drug safety
  3. FD&C Amendment of 1951
    Established the two classes of medications: prescription and OTC
  4. FD&C Amendment in 1962
    Required drugs to be safe and effective
  5. Federal Trade Commission
    Regulates supplement advertising
  6. Fish Oil Uses
    • Hypertriglyceridemia (cardiovascular protective - stronger evidence for secondary prevention)
    • Inflammatory conditions
    • Hypertension
  7. Fish Oil Safety Concerns
    • Bleeding (>3g/day)
    • Vitamin E deficiency
    • Vitamin A+D overdose
    • Prostrate cancer
  8. Niacin Uses
    • Cardiovascular (Increases HDL, lowers LDL and TGs)
    • 1000-3000mg daily
  9. Niacin safety concerns
    • Flushing (pretreat with aspirin, slow dose titration, take w/ meal, use ER form, take before bed)
    • Hepatotoxicity (d/c if LFT >3x ULN)
    • Myopathy
    • Hypothyroidism
    • hyperuricemia
    • Hyperglycemia
  10. Red Yeast Rice Uses
    • Lower Lipid Concentrations
    • Is illegal in US; contains Monocolin K (lovastatin)
  11. Garlic Uses
    • Hyperlipidemia (weak data; small benefit)
    • Hypertension
  12. Garlic concerns
    • Bleeding (may raise INH by 65%)
    • Contraindication with birth control
    • Heartburn
    • Body odor
    • GI problems
  13. CoQ10 Uses
    • Cardiovascular benefits (angina, cardiomyopathy, infarction, CHF - only NYHA class I + II benefited)
    • Parkinson's
    • Migraine prevention
  14. CoQ10 safety concerns
    • Well tolerated
    • Rash
    • GI complaints
  15. Drugs that deplete CQ10 (should use CoQ10 when taking these)
    • Statins!!!
    • Sulfonylureas
    • beta blockers
    • TCAs
    • diuretics
  16. Glucosamine Sulfate Uses
    • Arthritis (synthesis of articular cartilage)
    • May be as effective as NSAIDs, but NSAIDs work faster (may take 4-8 wks to see benefits from glucosamine)
  17. Glucosamine safety concerns
    GI problems
  18. Chondroitin Sulfate uses
    • Osetoarthritis (formation of joint matrix)
    • Osteoporosis
    • Hyperlipidemia
    • Ischemic Heart Disease
    • ALL HAVE MIXED EFFICACY RESULTS (always recommend use with glucosamine for OA)
  19. Chondroitin Safety Concerns
    • Bleeding (esp. w/ warfarin)
    • GI problems
    • DOES NOT INCREASE GLUCOSE
  20. Methyl Sulphonyl Methane Use
    Arthritis (inhibits degenerative changes in joints)
  21. Ginkgo Uses
    • Main action on CNS
    • Improved sex function (blood flow relaxant)
    • Memory (some improvement initially, but long term not sustained)
    • PVD
    • Raynaud's
    • Veritgo
    • Sexual dysfunction
  22. Ginkgo safety concerns
    • Bleeding
    • Seizures
    • Allergic Reactions
    • GI problems
    • Inhibits CYP 450 enzymes
  23. St. John's Wort Uses
    Mild depression (NOT major depression)
  24. St. John's Wort safety concerns
    • Vivid dreams
    • Dry mouth
    • photodermatitis
    • dizziness, irritability
    • GI problems
  25. St. John's Wort Drug Interactions
    • Is a CYP 3A4 inducer (cyclosporine, contraceptives, digoxin, HIV meds)
    • Anything that affects serotonin
  26. Melatonin Uses
    • Insomnia
    • Sleep enhancement
    • Jet Lag
  27. Melatonin safety concerns
    • Drowsiness
    • Dizziness
    • Hormonal effects
    • Seizure (rare)
    • Headache
  28. Echinacea Uses
    • Upper respiratory tract infections (must take at onset, then continue for 7 days)
    • More likely to stimulate immune system (does not kill bacteria)
  29. Echinacea Interactions
    • Immunosuppressants
    • Increases caffeine concentrations
  30. Ginger Uses
    • Chemo-induced N/V 
    • Motion Sickness
    • PONV
  31. Ginger Safety
    • Bleeding
    • Heartburn
    • GI problems
  32. Biblerry Uses
    Ocular conditions
  33. Milk Thistle Uses
    • Liver health
    • Mushroom poisoning in other countries
  34. Soy Isoflavones (Genistein + Daidzein) Uses
    • Has SERM effects
    • Premenopausal women - anti-estrogen effect
    • Postmenopausal women - weak estrogenic effect
  35. Soy Isoflavones for Menopause
    • Hot flashes - mixed results 
    • Vaginal dryness - likely ineffective
    • Osteoporosis - likely ineffective
    • Cardiovascular - likely ineffective
  36. Soy Isoflavones safety concerns
    • Premenopausal - longer periods
    • Hormone sensitive malignancies
    • Endometriosis 
    • Migraine
    • Blood clot risk
    • Allergy risk
  37. So Isoflavones Interactions
    • Antibiotics
    • Estrogens + SERMS
    • Antiestrogens 
    • MAO-Is
  38. Red Clover Uses
    • Likely no better than placebo for menopausal symptoms
    • Ineffective for CV, cancer, osteoporosis
  39. Red Clover Safety Concerns
    • Rash
    • Myalgia
    • Nausea
    • Vaginal Spotting
  40. Red Clover Drug Interactions
    • Anticoagulants, NSAIDs
    • Estrogen or anti-estrogen agents
  41. Black Cohosh Uses
    • MOA: unknown - does not bind to estrogen receptors; may be partial agonist at serotonin receptors
    • May reduce hot flashes + mood symptoms
  42. Black Cohosh Safety Concerns
    • Seizure
    • Hepatotoxicity
    • Use caution with ASA allergy
    • GI problems
    • Rash
    • Headaches
    • Cramping
    • Breast tenderness
    • Weight gain
    • Spotting
  43. Black Cohosh Drug Interactions
    • SERMs/ estrogen therapy
    • Hepatotoxic drugs
  44. Cranberry Uses
    Prevention of UTIs (interfere with bacteria's ability to adhere to urinary tract wall)
  45. Cranberry safety concerns
    • ASA allergies
    • Kidney stones
  46. Fenugreek Uses
    Increased breast milk production
  47. Fenugreek safety concerns
    • GI problems
    • allergic reactions
  48. Saw Palmetto Uses
    • BPH - likely ineffective
    • MOA: may inhibit 5-alpha reductase
    • DOES NOT REDUCE PROSTATE SIZE
    • May inhibit COX and lioxygenase
  49. Saw Palmetto Concerns
    • GI problems
    • Cholestatic hepatitis
    • Antiplatelet effects questionable
    • NO EFFECT ON PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA) (used for testing prostate cancer)
  50. Horny Goat Weed Uses
    Increased fertility
  51. Horny Goat Weed safety concerns
    • CV disease
    • Nosebleeds
    • bipolar disorder
    • Immune function disorders
  52. Tribus Terrestris Uses
    • Performace enhancer
    • Increases testosterone
    • Increased LH
    • Increased DHEA
  53. Yohimbe Uses
    • Not appropriate for Self-care
    • Causes fatal seizures, renal failure, and CV effects
  54. Bitter Orange (synephrine) uses
    • Weight loss (CNS stimulant)
    • Synergistic effect when combined with caffeine
  55. Caffeine Sources
    • Guarana
    • Green Tea extract
    • Yerba Mate
    • Kola Nut, Cocoa Nut
    • Guta Cola 
    • Coffee extracts
  56. CNS stimulants (synephrine/caffeine) adverse effects
    • CV effects (tachycardia, hypertension...)
    • Ringing in ears
    • Hypokalemia
    • Hyperthermia
    • Tolerance + withdrawal possible
  57. Caffeine drug interctions
    • Fluconazole & Verapamil decrease clearance
    • Cimetidine decreases clearance
    • Contraceptives decrease clearance
  58. Hydroxycitric acid uses
    Weight loss ( may inhibit lipogenesis) - mixed results
  59. Hydroxycitric acid safety
    • Serious liver injury/ hepatotoxicity (FDA issued a 2009 recall)
    • Seizure
    • Rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown)
    • Renal failure
    • Serotonin increase
  60. Chromium Uses
    • Glucose metabolism
    • May only have an effect in those with a chromium deficiency
  61. Conjugate Linoleic Acid uses
    • NOT likely to decrease BMI
    • May be beneficial for overall body composition (fat loss, muscle gain)
    • NOT beneficial in young, healthy people who do resistance training
  62. Conjugated Linoleic Acid safety concerns
    • Burp Back
    • Diarrhea/ loose stools
    • Nausea
  63. Chitosan Uses
    Fiber source to block fat absorption (marketed as a "fat trapper") - likely ineffective for weight loss
  64. Chitosan Safety Concerns
    • Steatorrhea
    • Decreased absorption of vitamin A, D, E & K
    • Avoid with shellfish allergies
  65. Psyllium, glucomannan, methylcellulose, pectin Uses
    • Bulk forming laxatives for weight loss - possibly effective 
    • Increased satiety
  66. Whey Protein Uses
    • Increase muscle protein synthesis
    • Decrease muscle protein breakdown
    • Take within 30 minutes of workout
    • Contraindicated in: milk allergy + renal insufficiency
  67. Creatine Uses
    • Improvements in weight lifting perfromance
    • DOES NOT IMPROVE AEROBIC EXERCISE/ENDURANCE
    • DOES NOT CAUSE WEIGHT LOSS
    • Should not cause dehydration or cramping, but hydrate well anyways
  68. Bulk Forming Laxatives
    • Wheat Dextran 
    • Calcium polycarbophil
    • Psyllium 
    • Methylcellulose
    • MOA: Forms a colloidal mixture that softens and increases bulk of stool to increase peristalsis
    • Onset: 12 hours - 3days
  69. Surfactant (emollient) laxatives
    • Docusate sodium (Colace)
    • MOA: lowers surface tension to allow water and lipids to penetrate the stool
    • Does NOT increase motility
    • Onset: 1-3 days
    • May be used during pregnancy
  70. Lubricant laxatives
    • Mineral oil
    • Coats stool and allows for easy passage
    • Does NOT increase motility
    • Oral onset: 6-8 hours
    • Rectal: 2-15 minutes
    • Should not use routinely (can aspirate and cause lipid pneumonia)
  71. Osmotic Laxatives
    • Lactulose (1-2 days) 
    • Sorbitol (<1 hr)
    • PEG (12-72 hrs)
    • Glycerin (<30 min)
    • MOA: Cause fluid accumulation that softens the stool and distend colon to enhance peristalsis
  72. Stimulant Laxatives
    • Senna  (6-12 hours orally; 30-120 minutes rectally) - may cause pink or brown urine)
    • Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) (6-8 hrs orally; 15-60min rectally)
    • MOA: directly stimulates peristalsis
    • Can develop dependence (use short term unless using with opioid)
  73. Saline Osmotic Laxatives
    • Magnesium citrate 
    • Sodium Phosphate
    • Magnesium hydroxide
    • MOA: creates an osmotic gradient that pulls water into the intestine
    • Onset: <1 hour
    • May affect electrolyte levels
  74. Chloride channel activator
    • Lubriprostone (Amitiza)
    • MOA: increase fluid secretion 
    • Doesn't cause electrolyte imbalance
  75. Anorectal Local Anesthetics
    • Pramoxine
    • Benzocaine
    • MOA: block transmission of nerve impulses
  76. Anorectal Vasoconstrictors
    • Preparation H
    • MOA: alpha adrenergic stimulation
  77. Anorectal Protectants
    • Cocoa butter
    • Mineral Oil
    • Glycerin
    • Petrolatum
    • Zinc Oxide
    • MOA: prevents irritation and water loss by forming a physical barrier
  78. Anorectal Astringents
    • Witch Hazel
    • Tucks medicated pads
    • Zinc Oxide
    • MOA: promotes tightening of skin cells which protects underlying tissues and dries up excess moisture
  79. Hepatitis A vaccine
    • Havrix 
    • Vaqta
  80. Hepatitis B vaccine
    • Recombivax HB 
    • Enginerix HB
  81. Hepatitis A + B vaccine
    Twinrix
  82. Chronic Insomnia
    Insomnia >3 weeks
  83. Transient Insomnia
    Self-limiting, lasts less than 1 week
  84. Short-term insomnia
    Insomnia that lasts 1-3 weeks
  85. Meds used for Insomnia
    • Diphenhydramine 25-50mg
    • Doxylamine 25mg
    • Use off night dosing (3 on, 1 off)
    • Only used if Transient or short term insomnia
  86. Melatonin
    • 0.3-5mg nightly
    • Used as sleep aid
    • Jet lag
  87. Valerian
    • 400-900mg 1/2 - 2 hours before bed to treat insomnia
    • Avoid in pregnancy 
    • May have withdrawal symptoms
    • Hepatotoxic
  88. Kava
    Should never be recommended for due to liver toxicity
  89. Caffeine
    • Used to treat drowsiness/fatigue
    • Pregnancy: <200mg/day
    • Breast feeding: 200-300mg/day
    • >70yrs old: <300mg/day
  90. Dental Carries
    • Caused by dental plaque
    • Progression may lead to calculus or tartar
    • Saliva and fluoride prevent this
  91. Gingivitis
    • Mild periodontol disease 
    • Causes alveolar bone loss and ulceration
    • Increased risk during hormone changes
    • Treat with cetylpyridinium, triclosan, and stannous fluoride
  92. Halitosis
    • Oral Malodor
    • Caused by poor oral hygiene: dental caries, periodontal disease, oral infections, impacted food/debris
    • Treat with tongue blade, zinc salts, and chlorine dioxide rinses
  93. Tooth Hypersensitivity
    Treat with soft-bristle toothbrush with normal toothpaste that contains fluoride
  94. Canker Sores
    • Caused by stress or local trauma
    • Rule out vitamin deficiencies and HIV beforehand
    • Treat with oral anesthetics
  95. Minor Oral Mucosa Treatment
    • Sodium Bicarbonate solution
    • Saline rinse
    • Topical oral anesthetics
    • Oral protectants
  96. Herpes Simplex
    • Treat with Docosanol 10%
    • Do not use longer than 10 days
  97. Xerostomia (dry mouth)
    • Can cause tooth decay 
    • Treat with artificial saliva 
    • Avoid sodium
  98. Dentifrices
    • Removes dental plaque and stains
    • Reduces dental caries and gum disease
    • lessens mouth odor
Author
burxguy
ID
253743
Card Set
Self Care P2 Year
Description
These flashcards contain objectives/highlights of self care options for common ailments and medical conditions
Updated
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