History Semester Exam Packet two (part 1)

the belief that new ideas and honest efficient government could bring about social justice

writers that dramatized the need for reform by investigating and uncovering a wide range of societal problems in the early 1900s

the idea that Christianity should be the basis of social reforms

published "the Jungle" to bring attention to dangerous working conditions but instead outraged focused on the threat of spoiled meat

a community center that provided social services to the urban poor

• opened Hull House a settlement house in Chicago 
• leader in settlement house movement

• fire in New York City
• killed 146 workers 
• mostly young Jewish women

election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections

gave people the power to put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting citizens signatures on a petition

allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by legislature

gave voters the power to remove public servants from office before their terms ended

• wrote about problems that were read all over america in newspapers books...
• sparked horror and outrage and motivated people to demand reform

• established settlement houses
• end child labor
• improve education
• improve workplace conditions

• gave citizens a bigger voice(recall, direct primary, initiative...)
• worked on reforms in education, factories, voting and environment

ruled that laws could limit the working hours of women

• promoted temperance(no alcohol)
• believed alcohol led men to spend their earnings on liquor, neglect their families, and abuse their wives

outlawed the production and sale of alcohol

opened the country's first birth control center

traveled around the country urging women to join the National American Women's Suffrage Association(NAWSA)

stated that the right to vote "shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex"

• reduced the number of work hours for women
• Women's Trade Union League formed which worked for minimum wage and an eight-hour work day 
• created the first workers' strike fund

• Lobbied Congress to pass an amendment
• used the referendum process to pass state suffrage laws
• recruited wealthy, educated women to work for suffrage
• help protest marches and hunger strikes

adaptation of the American way of life by immigrants (clothes, food, homes...)

• a meeting of African Americans where they rejected Booker T Washington's ideas to slowly gain civil rights
• believed that talented blacks should be taught history, literature, and philosophy rather than learning a trade

• Washington: blacks should work to achieve economic independence first and then civil rights would follow
• DuBois: blacks should demand and work actively for civil rights

• Most were prejudiced against nonwhite, non-protestant and non-middle class 
• worked to assimilate immigrants through Americanization

became US president in 1901 when McKinley was assasinated

Roosevelt's program designed to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor

created to oversee rail charges for shipments that passed through more than one state

• nickname given to Theodore Roosevelt and his administration as a result of his enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act
• believed that big corporations were bad only if the bullied smaller businesses or cheated consumers

• passed by Congress in response to Upton Sinclair's book 
• provided federal agents to inspect any meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat-processing plants

• banned interstate shipment of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs
• FDA(food and drug administration) makes sure people are not hurt by dangerous substances or dishonest labels

• established by Progressives when they left the Republican party prior to the 1912 election
• Theodore Roosevelt was their candidate

Teddy wanted it to create a fair honest and just society in which everyone had an equal chance to succeed

Roosevelt's actions greatly increased the role of the federal government in regulating and monitoring the economy and labor issues

• national wild lands would now be managed for their natural resources
• water reclamation projects would irrigate much desert land 
• preserved 100 million acres of national wild lands

democratic candidate elected to presidency in 1912

Wilson's program that sought to provide more opportunities or freedom for small business

gave Congress the power to create income tax

placed national banks under the control of a federal reserve board which prevents too much money form being in the hands of one person band or region and sets interest rates

monitored business practices that might lead to a monopoly

strengthened previous antitrust laws by spelling out those activities in which business could not engage

Republican voters were split between the Republican nominee and the Progressive party candidate

Wilson pushed for laws that would give the federal government more power of tariffs banks and trusts

established the idea that government can take action to help solve societal and economic problems

• resented the increasing power of white planters who owned much of the land in Hawaii
• abolished the constitution giving political power to the white minority

• Americans had surplus goods and wanted other markets to sell to
• Imperialists embraced social Darwinism and believed in America's Manifest Destiny

Americans overthrew the queen when her actions threatened to limit their power and affect their profits