History Semester Exam packet one (part 2)

local farmers' organizations linked together to negotiate for lower prices for supplies, freight ect

guaranteed black patrons the right to ride trains and use public facilities such as hotels

Colonel George Custer and his force of 250 men were killed by a group of 2,000 Indians led by Chief Crazy Horse

battle that ended the "Ghost Dance War" and sealed the Indians' demise

• forced onto reservations
• introduction of disease
• destruction of buffalo herds

• Settlers want for their land and resources
• Indian reluctance to move
• Treaties made by the government were not enforced

• Red River War
• Battle of Little Big Horn
• The Nez Perces' flight to Canada
• the Ghost Dance War
• Battle of Wounded Knee

a rail link between the East and the West needed to transport goods

• livestock roamed freely and foraged for feed
• no fences but cattle were branded
• ended because of barbed wire

government offered farm plots of 160 acres to anyone willing to live on the land for 5 years, dig a well, and build a road

• provided money for construction
• gave land grants for railroad

• to own land
• more space
• freedom 
• profit

laws enacted by Southern  governments to prevent African Americans from voting

prohibited state governments from denying someone the right to vote because of race color or previous condition of servitude

required voters to pay a tax to vote, preventing poor African Americans from voting

required voters to pass a test to vote, disqualifying uneducated voters

allowed a person to vote as long as his ancestors had voted prior to 1866

ruled that as long as states maintained separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites they did not violate the 14th amendment

• a former slave, he believed blacks should "pull themselves up from their own bootstraps"
• Created the Tuskegee Institute

argued that blacks should demand immediate equality and not limit themselves to vocational education

born in Holy Springs MS, she moved to Tennessee, bought a newspaper, named it "Free Speech" and wrote articles condemning the mistreatment of blacks

fought the sale of liquor and supported women's right to vote

• voting rights (grandfather Clause, literacy test, poll tax)
• segregation(kept them from getting jobs, housing, and schools)

• wrote newspaper articles
• made speeches
• Washington urged blacks to establish theirselves economically
• Dubois demanded full and immediate equality

• improved education
• organized activist groups(WCTU)(NWSA)

politicians awarded government jobs to loyal party workers with little regard for their qualifications

a system that includes federal jobs in the executive branch

• (1883) established a Civil Service Commission which wrote a civil service exam
• getting a job depended on doing well on the exam rather than political connections

gold would be used as the basis of the nation's currency

• Friends took advantage of their positions for personal profit and political favors 
• Civil service reform tried to end the corruption by hiring qualified people

farmers' organization with the goals of providing education on new farming techniques and calling for the regulation of railroad and grain elevator rates

a political party as a result of the spread of the Farmers' alliances

presidential candidate nominated by the Populist Party in 1896

presidential candidate nominated by the Republican Party in 1896

• high railroad rates
• low crop prices
• high interest rates

• maximum rates for shipping and storage 
• establishment of ICC
• established of "sub-treaties" to give farmers low interest rates

• end political corruption
• increase the money supply
• begin government ownership of railroads

• Defeats in 1896 and 1900 weakened the party till it wasn't a treat to the main parties
• graduated income tax, regulation of railroads, and a flexible monetary system were populist ideas that became a reality