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Dromotropy
Drugs that affect conduction velocity
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Truncas Arteriosus (T)
Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk
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Bulbus cordis (B)
Smooth parts of R and L Ventricles
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Primitive Ventricle (PV)
Trabeculated part of R and L ventricles
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Primitive atrium (PA)
Trabeculated part of R and L atrium
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Sinus venosus (SV)
Smooth part of R atrium, coronary sinus
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What muscles are in the R atrium?
Pectinae,
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What muscles are in the R ventricle?
Trabeculae carnae, papillary muscles, moderator band,
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What are the 4 events that occur during Week 4-5 for the heart?
- Atrial and Ventricular Septation
- Remodeling of the Outflow tracts
- Endocardial cushions AV canals
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Tetralogy of Fallot
- Ventricular septal defect
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Aortic overriding
- Ventricular hypertrophy
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Ductus venosus
Umbilical vein to Inferior vena cava
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Foramen ovale
From R to L atrium
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Ductus arteriosus
From pulmonary trunk to aorta
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What are the remnants of ductus venosus?
Ligamentum venosum
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What are the remnants of foramen ovale?
Fossa ovalis
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What are the remnants of ductus arteriosus?
Ligamentum arteriosum
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Where do blood islands lie in and when do they develop?
Cardiogenic field and Week 3
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Which viral infection is known to cause CHD's and which ones?
- Rubella
- VSD, PDA, Tetralogy of Fallot
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What are the clinical features of R --> L shunt?
- Long term cyanosis
- Clubbing of the fingers
- Polycythemia
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What is the most feared complication of the right ventricular hypertrophy?
- Late Cyanotic CHD
- Significant irreversible pulmonary HTN develops, structural defects of the CHD are considered irreversible
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What is common to children w/ diabetic moms?
Transposition of the Great Vessels
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What is Pericarditis always associated with pathologically?
For viral infections? For bacterial infections?
- Exudation of fluid into the pericardial sac
- Clear yellow in serous pericarditis for viral infections
- Purulent exudate for bacterial infections caused by pus forming staph or strep
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What is serofibrinous exudate associated with?
Severe damage (like Rheumatic Fever or in early bacterial infections)
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What most likely causes Myocarditis?
Virus - Coxsackie B virus
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Aschoff Bodies
Myocarditis
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What also comes to the Myocardium after the virus takes over and what does it secrete?
- T-Lymphocytes
- Secretes lymphokines (Interleukins and TNF)
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Tiger Effect
Viral Myocarditis
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Viral Myocarditis
- Coxsackie B Virus
- T-Lymphocytes - Lymphokines
- Pale and congested areas
- Tiger Effect
- Flabby and dilated heart
- Recover
- Endomyocardial Biopsy (Punch Biopsy)
- No specific tx
- Supportive measures
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What causes ABE? SBE?
- ABE --> Staph a.
- SBE --> Strep m., Strep viridans
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Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
- Highly destructive infection of the valves
- Previously normal heart valve
- High virulent organisms
- Staph A or Gr-
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What is the foremost factor predisposing to the development of Infective Endocarditis?
Seeding of the blood from microbes due to infection elsewhere
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