Medical terms Chapter 14,15,16 for UNLV DPT program

Otter most layer of the bone

loin, lumbar region of the spine

spine, vertebral column

crooked, stiff, bent

muscle

stone

crooked, curved

together, joined

weakness

surgical fixation, fusion

growth

split, fissure

abnormal condition of stiffness(often referring to fixation of a joint, such as the result of chronic rheumatoid arthritis)

inflammation of joint

fissure of the skull

abnormal condition of a hump

abnormal condition of bending forward "sway back"

weakness of muscle

tumor of bone marrow

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

abnormal reduction of bone mass

abnormal condition of stonelike bones (marblelike bones cause by increased formation of bone)

fissure of the verterbral column (congenital) Spina bifida

dissolution of striated muscle

abnormal condition of vertebra

inflammation of the tendon and the synovial membrane

form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent strucutres and that, as it progressess, causes a forward bend of the spine (also called Strumpell-Marie arthritis or disease or rheumatoid spondylitis

a type of wrist fracture. The fracture is at a lower end of the radius, the distal fragment being displaced backward.

abnormal beningn growth on the surface of a bone also called a spur

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi) to be depoisited in the joints, especially that of the great toe, producing arthritis.

an infection caused by a bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi) carried by dear ticks and transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick. Rash, Fever, Headache, Pain, Fatigue

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell. The face, larynx, and throat are frequently affected; no true paralysis of the muscle exists.

surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid centesis-aspirate

surgical breaking of a stiff joint

surgical fixation of a joint

surgical breaking of bone (to correct deformity)

incision into the vertebral column

fusing together of the vertebrae (spinal fusion)

surgical repair of the tendon and muscle

Record of the intrinsic electrical activity in a skeletal muscle.

joint pain

without developing (wasting)

slow movement

difficult movement

abnormal development

specialist in treating and diagnosing diseases and disorders of the foot, including medical and surgical treatment.

the crackling sound head when two bones rub against each other, or grating caused by the rubbing together of dry surfaces of a joint. Also used with the sound heard in pneumonia.

system of medicine that uses the usual forms of diagnosis and treatment but places greater emphasis on the role of the relation between the body organs and the musculoskeletal system; manipulating may be used in addition to other treatments.

an artificial substitue for a missing body part

the spaces within the brain that contain a fluid called CSF

assist in coordination of skeletal muscles and to maintain balance (hindbrain)

10 of 12 cranial nerves originate here.

"bridge" connects cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem

between pons and spinal cord. Centers for control of respiration, heart rate,blood pressure.

cells that support and nourish the nervous system. Astroglia, oligodendroglia, microglia

brain

nerve root (proximal end of a peripheral nerve, closest to the spinal cord)

sensation, sensitivity, feeling

speech

gray matter

seizure, attack

slight paralysis (-plegia)

nerve weakness

inflammation of the nerve root, meninges, and spinal cord

disease characterized by early senility, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, restlessness, and impaired memory

Progressive muscle atrophy cuased by hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord (Lou Gehrig Disease)

paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usually a temporary condition. Sagging mouth on affected side and nonclosure of the eyelid

condition characterized by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth of shortly thereafter.

chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Symtoms include restrin tremorsof the hand and feet, rigidity, expressionless face, and shuffling gait. Usually after 50

sudden deficient bupply of blood to the brain lasting a short time. The symptoms may be similar to those of a stroke but with TIA the symptoms are temporary and the usualy outcome is complete recovery.

radiographic imaginig of the blood vessels in the brain. (after the injection of a contrast medium)

process of recording (scan) the spinal cord (after the injection of a contrast agent onto the subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture.

process that includes the use of a computer to produce a serioes of brain tissue images at ant desired depth. The procedure is noninvasive, painless, and particularly useful in diagnosing brain tumors.

a noninvasive technique that produces sectional images of soft tissues of the brain pr spine through a strong magnetice feild.

an imaginng rechnique with a radioactive substance that produces sectional imaging of the brainto examine blood flow and metabolic activity. Images are projected on a viewing screen

a group of diagnostic tests that measure changes and responses in breain waves elicited by visual auditory, or somatosensory stimuli.

insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually between the 3 and 4 lumbar vertebrae. It is performed for many reasons. Including the removal of CSf for diagnostic purposes.

condition without speaking, loss of ability to speak

pain in the head

difficulty speaking

between seizure attacks. -ictal seizure

loss of muscle control

• the inability to use speech that is distinct and connected because of the loss of muscle control after damage to the peripheral or central
• nervous system

originating in the mind

pertaining to the body and mind

compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances ice or clay, usually an iron deficiency.

Alzheimer disease

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

pea sized, at base of brain, anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) lobes. produce hormones.

• releases:
• GH-regulate growth of body
• ACTH - stimulate adrenal cortex
• TSH - stimulates the thyroid gland
• Gonadotropic hormones- affect reproductive systems
• FSH, LH - regulate development, growth and function of ovary nad testes.
• PRL - glandular tissue during pregnanacy and after birth

• ADH - stimulates kidney to store reabsord water
• Oxytocin - stimulates uterin constraction during labor

near pituitary gland. secretes releasing hormone to stimulate of inhinit release of pituitary gland hormones.

• largest endocrine gland.
• T3 and T4 release, need iodine.
• T4 is necessary for body cell metabolism

• small bodies behind the thyroid
• PTH - maintain calcium levels

• Insulin
• Glucagon

• outer adrenal cortex - cortisol 0r hydrocortisone, aids body in stress by increasing glucose levels, aldosterone-regulates electrolyte levels.
• Inner adrendal medulla - epinephrine - help deal with stress by increasin bp, heartrate,
• respiration

extremities, height

thirst

potassium

sodium

run, running

chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormaonal secretion of the adrenal cortex (of the kidney, cortisol (glucose increases) and aldosterone (minerals)

cause by lack of thyroid gland. puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue, and dwarfism

excesse cortisol by the adrenal gland.

from decreased ADH by post lobe, polydipsia and polyuria excreting sodium.

chronic disorder od carb metabolism. elevated blood sugar levels. causes chronic renal disease, retinopathy and neuropathy

disorder of the thyroid gland. hyperthyroidism, goiter, exophthalmus

abnormal [ketone] from excessive fat metabolism

condition resulting from deficiency of the thyroid hormon thyroxine (T4) servere hypothyroidism in adults. puffiness of faces, hands, coarss thick skin, large tongue, slow speech, anemia

tumor of adrenal medulla (epinephrine) characterized by headaches, hypertension, palpitations, diaphoresis, chect pain and abdominal pain. curable and fatal if not treated.

nerves cause muscle contraction as a result of low calcium, caused para hypoparathyroidism (deficieny of the parathyroid hormone)

condition caused by excessive thyroid hormone

nuclear medicine scan to measure thyroid function

neclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and function of thyroid gland

a blood test to measure the average blood sugar concentraion over the life span of the red blood cell. indicates average blood level for the 6-8 weeks before the test, useful to monito diabetes.

abnormal proturusion of the eyeball

a chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is carried in the blood to a target tissue

narrow strip of tissue connecting two large parts in the body, isthmus connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland.

glycosylated hemoglobin

radioactive iodine uptake

thyroxine level