reformation, mary and Liz

1553-1558

put religion back to the way it was when Henry was in power. outlawed priest marriages

Said priests who had married under edward could stay priests as long as they divorced their wives. also said any bishops or priests ordained under edward could keep their position as long as they conformed to what was asked now.

1554, sir wyatt leads it in the south, in response to mary's will to marry philip II, a catholic. Didn't want a foreign catholic ruling england. revolt fails when londoners side with marry and close bridge to sir wyatt. wyatt and lady grey are killed.

1535, abolished all acts against the papacy since 1529

parliament passed old medieval heresy laws in 1534, which meant bishops could now go after protestant heretics. 300 people killed in all, mostly lay people, but included cramner. Fox wrote "book of martyrs" which glorified these deaths and gave legitimacy and sympathy to a sect never before had legitimacy.

1558-1603, settlement because she wants the religious issue settled in england forever. wanted to find the middle-way

Was in many ways a settlement or midpoint between what catholics wanted and protestants. Had clear protestant elements but shifted away from the 1552 version. dropped referrences to the pope offensive to catholics, said vestments should be used, and dropped an addition wanted by puritans which would have clearly stated kneeling did not mean you are receiving the body and blood of christ

needed a license to preach now. clergy could marry but only with the permission of another bishop. condemend fantasies such as rosaries, pilgrimages, lighting candles, etc. implored clergy to downplay images, but did not outlaw them. Bishops had to enforce these

1563, passed by Liz's bishops. were more protestant than liz's early reforms. Written by archbishop matthew parker in response to the council of trent. continued a passage on predestination

a revolt by the northern earls against Elizabeth with teh goal of placing mary queen of scots on the throne. The northern earls framed the revolt as a catholic movement. Mary was moved and the revolt failed.

1570, Pope excommunicates Elizabeth in response to the failure of the northern revolt against her. says that all catholics should try to remove her from power and absolves englishment of any oath to her. this, together with the northern revolt convinced englishmen that catholics were dagnerous. ended the period of moderation towards catholics

1571, used to punish catholics who they saw as dangerous. made it a crime to bring any papal document into england.

ridolfi plot (1571), throckmorton plot (1583), and babington plot (1586) all attempted to overthrow liz and institute mary, and so mary was killed in 1587. reinforced the ideas that catholics were dangerous

catholic exile who founded douai college in flanders in 1568 to educate catholic exiles to then send them back to keep catholicism in england alive

Many puritans and marian exiles in Liz's church were upset that the church of england was not more protestant and more reformed. They were upset and thought the way people prayed was too popish (book of CP) and that the church polity remained too popish as well

His conribution to the ideas of the english reformation was the idea ofjustification by faith alone. But he was OK with images and thought there was a real presence of christ in the eucharist.

A sucessor to Luther, believed in justification by faith alone, detested images, and thought there was no real presence in the eucharist

after 1552 he becomes major figure. wanted to get rid of the clergy and replace it with simpler model (which became adopted by prezbyterians), wanted a seperation of church and state but with the state supporitng the church in ensuring everyone followed the religion, argued for a real presence of christ in eucharist but only for God's elect, and argued that only a select few will be saved

argued for double predestination. only a select few were predestined for salvation, and a select bunch were predestined for damnation, and there was nothing you could do about it.

new parliament session is called and mps want a more puritan/protestant agenda, but Liz has none of it. shows Liz's commitment to the "middle-way", more concerned with conformity than with religious doctrine. wanted to avoid religious conflict