After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in his ________ memory.
C. short-term
The encoding of information into long-term storage without the aid of working memory illustrates
B. unconscious processing
The extensive rehearsal necessary to encode nonsense syllables best illustrates
B. efforful processing
Many students review course material at various times during a semester so they will be prepared for the final exam. These students are especially likely to retain the information far into the future. This best illustrates the
value of
C. the spacing effect
At a block party, Kita is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she can only remember the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates
a, source amnesia
b. the misinformation effect
c. implicit memory
d. the serial position effect
d. the serial position effect
Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between
B. explicit memory and implicit memory
To remember all the school supplies she needs to buy, Marcy formed mental images of each item positioned at distinct locations along her daily route to school. Marcy's tactic best illustrates the use of
D. visual encoding
Which of the following is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory?
A. long- term potentiation
Exciting or shocking events are seared into memory with the help of
A. hormonal changes
The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls her former teachers as warm and generous. This best illustrates that emotional states can be
a. retrieval cues.
b. short-term memories.
c. sensory memories.
d. flashbulb memories.
a. retrieval cues
After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Arotza cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember events before the accident. Arotza's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates
a. repression.
b. the serial position
effect.
c. encoding failure.
d. source amnesia.
c. encoding failure
Janica studied French vocabulary in the morning and Spanish vocabulary in the afternoon. During her Spanish exam that evening, she finds herself remembering only the French terms. Her difficulty best illustrates
a. the spacing effect.
b. interference.
c. source amnesia.
d. implicit memory.
b. interference
Mrs. McBride can't consciously recall how often she yells at her children because it would be too anxiety arousing to do so. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates
a. source amnesia.
b. proactive interference.
c. automatic processing.
d. repression.
d. repression
After Teresa was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Teresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female. Teresa's experience best illustrates
a. implicit memory.
b. the spacing effect.
c. the misinformation effect.
d. the serial position
effect.
c. the misinformation effect
Recalling something that you had once merely imagined happening as something you had directly experienced best illustrates
a. the spacing effect.
b. mood-congruent memory.
c. interference.
d. source amnesia.
d. source amnesia
Researchers now recognize the active information processing that occurs
in short-term memory and refer to it as ________ memory.
a. sensory
b. working
c. flashbulb
d. implicit
b. working
When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is almost impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of
a. flashbulb memory.
b. automatic processing.
c. implicit memory.
d. the spacing effect.
b. automatic processing
The spacing effect describes an effective strategy for
a. rehearsal.
b. repression.
c. retrieval.
d. state-dependent memory.
a. rehearsal
Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory?
a. a mental image of your best friend
b. the date of you own birth
c. a conditioned fear of guns
d. your own name
c. a conditioned fear of guns
Having read a story once, certain amnesia victims will read it faster the second time even though they can't recall having read the story before. They have most likely suffered damage to the
a. hippocampus.
b. cerebellum.
c. hypothalamus.
d. amygdala.
a. hippocampus
When you have to make a long-distance call to an unfamiliar number, you
have to dial an area code plus a seven-digit number. You are likely to have
trouble retaining the just-looked-up number in memory because of the limited
capacity of ________ memory.
c. short-term
Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they first learned of the death of a close friend or family member. This best
illustrates ________ memory.
a. sensory
b. flashbulb
c. implicit
d. state-dependent
b. flashbulb
When you are picking the correctly learned answer from several choices, you are testing your
a. recall.
b. recognition.
c. reconstruction.
d. relearning.
b. recognition
Whenever Valerie feels afraid, she is overwhelmed with childhood memories of her abusive parents. Valerie's experience best illustrates
a. repression.
b. mood-congruent memory.
c. interference.
d. the misinformation effect.
b. mood-congruent memory
The gradual fading of the memory trace contributes to
a. implicit memory.
b. storage decay.
c. mood-congruent memory.
d. long-term potentiation.
b. storage decay
While taking the final exam in American history, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the first president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates
a. state-dependent memory.
b. the serial position effect.
c. the misinformation effect.
d. retrieval failure.
d. retrieval failure
Learning a new debit card password may block the recall of a familiar old password. This illustrates
a. the spacing effect.
b. source amnesia.
c. interference.
d. repression.
c. interference
Although Hsin typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates
a. the misinformation effect.
b. motivated forgetting.
c. the spacing effect.
d. the serial position effect.
b. motivated forgetting
The surprising ease with which people form false memories best illustrates that the processes of encoding and retrieval involve
a. implicit memory.
b. automatic processing.
c. long-term potentiation.
d. memory construction.
d. memory construction
Last July, Steve went to see a science fiction movie about spaceship travel and alien abductions. He now remembers that he had been abducted by aliens and personally subjected to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall best illustrates
a. implicit memory.
b. the spacing effect.
c. source amnesia.
d. mood-congruent memory.