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life expectancy in 1900s (men and women)
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why has the life expectancy increased? (3)
- 1. medical advances
- 2. decreased infant mortality
- 3 decrease in infectious disease
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characteristics of healthy individuals over 65 (7)
- fruits and veggies
- increase in whole grains and fibers
- decreased saturated fats
- alcohol in moderation
- breakfast daily
- socializing and celebrating regularly
- regular physical activity
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factors that decrease disease development (5)
- weight stabilization
- adhere to dietary guidlines
- antioxidant and vitamin from plants
- calcium, vt. D and physical activity
- above avg. fruits and veggies intakes
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what do you need to do as you get oler? (2)
- decrease caloric need
- increase protein and vitamins and iron
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biological changes and nutrient consequesnces as you get older. (4)
- stomach acidity --> decrease abs. of vit b12 and iron
- decrease in lean muscle mass--> decreased caloric need
- decrease in production of vit. D in skin --> increase need for vit D and calcium
- decreased sensation of thirst --> increased water need
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factors complicating adequate diets (9)
- deceased thirst and appetite
- poor b12 and iron absorption
- constipation risk
- dental problemos
- liver and gallbladder function decrease --? less ability to handle alcohol and fat
- economic factors
- isolation and depression
- decreased mobility and strength
- decreased thinking and memory ability
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reasons to have a vegitarian diet (5)
- religion
- health
- environment
- availability
- affordability
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types of vegitarian diets (3)
- macrobiotic: yin and yang diets
- raw foods: 50-100% is raw due to belief that cooking destroys enzymes.
- living foods: uncooked and fermented foods only but very inadequate.
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what do vegitarian diets lower the risk of? (8)
- heart disease
- stroke
- hypertension
- type II diabetes
- chronic bronchitis
- gallstones
- kidney stones
- obesity risk
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highly ____ vegitarian diets are ____
restrictive; harmful
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when is it not best to have a vegitarian diet? (3)
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caloric and nutrient difficiencies are more common in ___ in vegan diets
children
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what vitamin is most likely to be lacking in a vegitarian diet?
B12
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dietary recommendations for vegitarians (5)
- provide sufficient calories
- assortment of quality of nutrients
- B12- cheese, eggs, milk, yogurt, whey powder, yeast
- Vit D and calcium
- complementary proteins
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what is hindering nutrition in developing countries? (3)
- shorter life expectancies
- infectious diseases
- malnutrition
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key indicators of health (4)
- pregnancy outcome
- child growth rate
- rate of breastfeeding
- safe drinking water
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underweight children are an indicator of ____
malnutrition
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malnutrition is a problem for __-__% of children under 5
10-15%
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__-__% of women are iron deficient
50-75%
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__ billion are iodine deficient
2
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vitamin A deficiencies lead to..
(3)
- disease
- blindness
- decreased growth
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1/__ of world is mild-moderatly zinc difficient
3
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diseases due to deficiencies (2)
- marasmus-lack of calories
- kwashakor - lack of protein
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malnutrtition causes permanent delays in __ development
mental
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bangladesh have 1/__ wells contaminated
2
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what problems are in contaminated water? (4)
- arsenic
- bacteria
- fertilizers
- pesticides
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250,000 deaths occur per year due to ___
contaminated water supply
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programs to help fight hunger (10)
- food banks
- WIC
- CROP
- SHARE
- shelters/soup kitchens
- food stamps
- grow a row
- school lunches
- gleaning programs
- the hunger site
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what are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, and K
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Vitamin A can be found in
Beta Carotene
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what is Vit A needed for? (2) what happens if excess? (2)
- embryo growth and night/ color vision
- fetal malformation, hair loss
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what does vitamin D aid in? and what happens if defficient? (2)
- aids in calcium absorption
- rickets in kids and osteoperosis in adults
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Vitamin E is a group of __ naturally occurring compounds which vary widely in activity
8
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vitamin E most related to ____ ability
antioxidant
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Vitamin E is mostly found in ____ ___
plant oils
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excess in vitamin E can interfere in ____ ___
blood clotting
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Vitamin K aids in _____ ___
blood clotting
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small amounts of Vitamin K synthesized by _. ___ in gut
E. Coli
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what are the water soluble vitamins? (2)
C and B
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Vitamin C acts as an ___
antioxidant
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deficiencies from lack of Vitamin C
SCURVY!!! 
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vitamin C is needed for proper formation of ___
collegen
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B1 is also known as
Thiamin
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B1 is involved in pathways that extract energy from ___
glucose
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deficiency in B1 results in
Beriber
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Riboflavin is known as B__
2
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B2 is involved in energy metabolism of... (4)
- fats
- ketone bodies
- carbs
- proteins
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deficiencies is rarely seen in B__
2
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Niacin is also known as B__
3
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B3 catabolizes ___(3) but not ___
-
deficiencies of B3 result in
- pellegra
400 × 320 - ufhealth.org
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Vitamin B6 is needed for ___ metabolism and synthesis of ____
protein; neurotransmitters
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deficiencies of vitamin B6 results in... (3)
headaches, anemia, nausea
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excess in vitamin B6
NERVE DAMAGE
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pantothenic acid is also B__
5
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B5 is used in __ metabolism and obtaining vitamin __ from food
fat; E
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Biotin is also known as B__
7
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B7 is used in __ and __ metabolism
fat and carb
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B9 is used in ___ synthesis and all ___
DNA; division
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deficiencies in B9 in pregnant women results in
neural development problems in fetus
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B12 is used in __ and __ system functions and __ formation
brain and nervous; blood
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vitamins vs. minerals
- vitamins are organic
- minerals are inorganic
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trace mineral amounts
less than 100 mg day
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major mineral amounts
greater than 100 mg day
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essential trace minerals (9)
- irion
- iodine
- zinc
- selenium
- copper
- manganese
- fluoride
- chromium
- malybderum
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deficiencies in iron result in
anemia
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the best source of iron is
meat
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iron aids in the formation of ___
hemoglobin
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iodine is needed to form __ hormone
thyroid
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deficiency in iodine results in (2)
- goiters and cretinism
413 × 550 - thyroidmanager.org
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major minerals (6)
- sodium
- potassium
- calcium
- phosphorus
- magnesim
- sulfur
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sodium aids in ___ ___
nerve funciton
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sodium should nerve exceed ___ grams a day
2
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potassium aids in ___ ___
nerve function
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vitamins get destroyed in food in:
- light
- heat
- exposure to air
- alkalinity
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in order to not lose vitamins in liquid, you should... (2)
- make soup
- limit water used in cooking
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____ is a good preservation method if veggies are blanched
freezing
blanching: destroys enzymes that would break down vitamins
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outer leaves and skins of most fruits and veggies are ____ in nutrients than inner
higher!
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