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5 main functions of the skeletal system are:
- 1. support
- 2. protection
- 3. movement
- 4. storage
- 5. Hemopoises (blood cell formation)
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What produces red and white blood cells?
red bone marrow
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4 Types of bones
- 1. long
- 2. short
- 3. flat
- 4. irregular
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what's the 5th kind of bone?
sesamoid (like the patella)
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What is the diaphysis?
the hollow rigid section of a long bone
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What is the hollow ( of diaphysis) called and what's in it?
medullary cavity filled with yellow bone marrow
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What part of the bone is red bone marrow found?
epiphyses, or at the end of the bone
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What is articular cartilage? What's its function?
it covers the ends of long bones. Functions like a rubber cushion
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What is the name of the thin membrane covering the outer surface of bone?
Periosteum
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What lines the medullary cavity?
the endosteum
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What is the cancellous?
the inner layer of flat bone
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What is a trabecule?
thin bony structures inside a spongy bone
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Mature bone cells are called
osteocytes
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What is the name of bone building cells?
oseoblasts
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What are osteoclasts?
bone cells that break apart bone tissue
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What is cartilage made of?
chondrocytes
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How do bones start out as?
cartilage
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What is the epiphyseal plate?
a thin layer of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis that allows for bone growth
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What is the axial skeleton?
bones that make up the "axis" or center of body. Skull, spine, thorax, sternum and hyoid
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What is the appendicular skeleton?
upper and lower extremities and appendages.
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How many bones in the spinal column?
33
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name the 5 parts of the spinal column
- 1. cervical
- 2. thoracic
- 3. lumbar
- 4. sacrum
- 5. coccyx
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How many bones are in each of the parts of the spinal column?
- Cervical 7
- Thoracic 12
- lumbar 5
- Sacrum 5
- Coccyx 4
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What is kyphosis?
the hunchback look some older adults get
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How many ribs does the adult have?
12 pairs
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What are true ribs? How many are there?
the first 7, attached to the sternum
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What are false ribs? Where are they?
ribs number 8, 9 and 10. Attached to the 7th
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What are floating ribs? Where are they?
ribs 11 and 12. They have no connection to the sternum
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Which 3 bones make up the shoulder?
scapula, clavicle and humerus
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3 types of joints
- 1. synarthrosis
- 2. Amphiarthroses
- 3. Diarthroses
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What is a Synarthroses joint?
joint which fibrous connective tissue grows between the joining bones holding them close together. Like the skull bones. Also called sutures.
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What is an Amphiarthroses joint?
joint where cartilage connects the joining bones. Like the joint of the pubis or the joints between the bodies of the vertebrae.
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What is a Diarthroses joint?
freely moveable joints. Like most in our bodies.
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List examples of joints listed.
- 1. hinge-ankle
- 2. pivot-atlas and axis to turn head
- 3. saddle-thumb and carpal joint
- 4. condyloid-radius and carpal bones
- 5. ball and socket-hip
- 6. gliding-between carpal and tarsal
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What connects bones to bones?
ligaments
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What is the most common tumor of bone tissue?
osteosarcoma
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What is osteoporosis?
bones become brittle and less dense due to mineral loss.
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Bacterial infection of the bone and marrow can cause what?
Osteomyelitis
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Term for inflammation of the joints?
Arthritis
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What is Osteoarthritis?
a degenerative joint disease.
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What kind of fracture is it called when the bone is exposed?
compound, bone breaks through the skin
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What are incomplete fractures?
Where the bone is bent, but not broken. Sometimes called greenstick fractures.
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What is a comminuted fracture?
breaks that produce many fractures.
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What kind of fracture is it when bone fragments are driven into each other?
Impacted fractures.
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