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news release
a story written by a press agent for distribution to the media
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press conference
a meeting of journalists and an official or other person at which teh latter answers questions posed by the former.
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news briefing
an announcement or explanation of policy by an official
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backgrounders
news briefings in which reporters may not reveal the identity of teh source of their information
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visual
an image or series of images representing news in action - a visual depiction of a political act, such as campaigning, which may carry more impact than words alone
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photo opportunity
an event scheduled to give newspaper reporters and television crews a chance to photograph someone
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agenda setting
the process by which the news media select and focus on a small number of stories from a large number of possibilities - shaping, in part, Americans' opnions about what is important.
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framing
the way that the media presents a story, consisting of angle, tone, and point of view
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Nielsen ratings
surveys conducted by the A.C.Nielson Company to measure the size of TV audiences
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Fifth Branch
Refers to teh press in its role as a check on public officials, after the other four branches (congress, the president, the Supreme Court, and the bureaucracy)
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mass media
instruments such as newspapers, magazines, television, and the internet that provide the means for communicating with large numbers of people in a short period of time
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journalists
people who gather, write, and report the news for newpsapers, magazines, radio, television, and the internet
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Federal Communications Commission
an agency of the national government that regulates the telecommunications industry in teh United States, including the licensing and operation of all radio and TV stations
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equal-time
a provision of the Communications Act of 1934 that requires radio and television stations to give or sell equivalent time to one political candidate if the station has given or sold time to another candidate for that office
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fairness doctrine
a regulation of the FCC that required radio and TV stations to devote some airtimei to a balanced discussion of public issues - abolished in 1987
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sheild laws
statues that protect the identities of journalists' news sources or their knowledge of criminal acts
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priming
occurs when the news media, especially TV, set the terms by which the public judges its leaders.
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leak
the deliberate release of information by an official to a journalist for a specific purpose
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exclusive
an interview that an official or other individual grants to one or more journalists that provides information not generally made available to all media
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