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How long does it take for lithium to take effect
5 to 6 days
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What are the side effects of lithium
With RG, headache, fatigue, recent memory loss, hand tremors, muscle weakness
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How do you administer listen and what are the normal serum levels. What levels of lithium are toxic
Administer with meals and normal serum levels are 0.5 - 1.5 in Eq/L . 1.5-2 are toxic
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How often should you monitor lithium levels and what mineral does it deplete
Monitor levels 2 times a week, with him to plead serum sodium levels, half life is 24 hours
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What is ritalin made of and what are the side effects
Methylphenidate , main side effect is weight loss
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How long does it take for an antidepressant to take effect . What should you tell your patience about these meds
24 weeks . Informed patient that St Johns wart and ginkgo Bilibo interact with antidepressants . These birds are also used alone to treat mild depression
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Tricyclic antidepressants. Which receptor is being blocked? Which neurotransmitter is are being blocked? What is a prototype name?
Amitriptyline, used for major depression, blocks histamine receptors, blocks the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, causes sympathetic responses I.e. dry mouth, sedation
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SSRI's. Which neurotransmitter is being blocked? What is the prototype name? What is serotonin syndrome and why is it caused?
Fluoxetine or Prozac. Zoloft, commonly prescribed. Block serotonin reuptake only. For major depressive disorder ones I do this orders. Fluvoxamine is for OCD in children and adults. Serotonin syndrome occurs with simultaneous use with maoi and TCA's. Serotonin syndrome causes mental confusion, difficulty concentrating, fever, education, exactly, hallucinations, in coordination, hyperreflexia, diaphoresis, and tremors
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What do MAOI'S do.
Blocks the enzymes for the sympathetic system. Blocks norepinephrine, dopamine, certainly uptake, this result in more serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine in the system.
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What causes a hypertensive crisis
Occurs in result of food and drug interactions with maoi. Sympathomimetic like effects occur in hypertensive crisis.
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What will happen if mixing maoi and SSRI
May lead to hypertensive crisis
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What you do not mix with maoi
Foods that contain tire mean such as aged cheese, Swiss, cheddar, cream, yogurt, coffee, chocolate, bananas, raisins, Italian green beans, liver, pickled herring, sausage, soy sauce, yeast, beer, red wines. Also do not mix CNS stimulants or sympathomimetic drugs . Could lead to hypertensive crisis
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What is nardil
An maoi. Avoid rapid discontinuation, rebound effects occur. Orthostatic hypertension, insomnia, sympathomimetic like reactions
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What is parnate
Maoi. Side effects include orthostatic hypertension, agitation, restlessness, insomnia. Take early in the day to prevent insomnia. Blocks dopamine 2 receptor. Dopamine is unbalanced.
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What is succinylcholine used for
Use for surgical skeletal muscle relaxation, endoscopy or intubation. Side effects are malignant hypothermia. Antidote is Dantrolene
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What is percocet
Oxycodone and acetaminophen
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What does vicodin
Hydrocodone and acetaminophen
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what medication can you give for migraine headaches
Ergotamines or imitrex cause vasoconstruction. Person senses aura, and should take med at the onset of aura. Side effects are chest pain and med is contraindicated with coronary artery disease.
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What kind of med is augmentin or zosyn
Both of these are Cillin medications given with beta lactamase inhibitor. Be aware these are penicillin derivative meds
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What are quinolones or floxacin group
Antibiotics. Biggest concern is tendon rupture has been linked to this group of medications. Should not be utilized in children and those who have muscular tissues, or complain of muscular pain
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What do you give someone is having an allergic reaction
Epi pen or epinephrine pen, after injection make sure to massage for 10 seconds
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What is the first medication use for HIV
Zidovudine. Known to cause anemia
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What's a cancer medication
Methotrexate, signs of toxicity is stomatitis (inflamation in the mouth affecting the mucous membranes)
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What is Epogen or epoetin.
Medication that builds RBC's to resolve anemia. The lab that needs to be monitored is Hg Or hemoglobin. As mentioned before the side effect to look for is high blood pressure related to the increase of RBC's. The medication is given for anemia. Anemia is monitored by HG
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What are the symptoms for hypoglycemia
Headache, lightheadedness, nervousness, trimmers for generating S, cold and clammy skin, tachycardia, confusion, and drowsiness.
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What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia
Polydipsia or excessive thirst, polyurea or excessive your invite him, and polyphagia or excessive hunger.
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Reportable findings of ace inhibitors
Irritating dry cough, discontinue mad or hold it
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What should you watch for when administering warfarin or IV heparin
Watch for blood in stools, stools will appear black and tarry like
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What is the normal potassium level. What do you do if labs are off
3.5 to 5.2 mEq. is labs are off, a holter monitor or an EKG should be placed a monitor for dysrhythmias.
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What is digoxin used for
This medication is utilized to strengthen the contraction by slowing the heart rate. If given with lasix, the k+ levels will be low, and the digoxin toxicity will exist resulting in toxicity. Slowing the heart rate
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What is Timolol
Eye medication. Beta 1 receptor blocker decreasing renin resulting in decreased fluid to the eye, this medication is utilized for glacoma 2. However this person can still have the heart rate decreased. Once a person has glaucoma they're on this medication for life
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If the person is allergic to shellfish then the person will also be allergic to what
Iodine. Do not administer iodine contrast and call the MD
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What labs do you look for to diagnose diabetes insipidus
Specific gravity or osmolality
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Accutane
Medication use for Nigel acne. Extremely teratogenic. Birth control is a must
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What are cold symptoms?
Rhinorrhea or watery nasal discharge, nasal congestion, cough and increased mucosal secretions.
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What causes nasal congestion
Nasal congestion results from dilation of nasal blood vessels caused by infection, inflammation or allergies. With this dilation there is a transudation of fluid into the tissue spaces, resulting in swelling of the nasal cavity
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What are the four groups of drugs that control cold symptoms?
Antihistamine or h1 blockers, decongestants or sympathomimetic amines, antitussive, and expectorants. These drugs can be use singly or combined
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What do antihistamines or h1 blockers do
Compete with histamine for receptor site, preventing the histamine response
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What do decongestants do or sympathomimetic amines do . What are the side effects
Stimulate the alpha adrenergic receptors, producing vascular construction within the nasal mucosa. Side effects include jitteryness nervousness or restlessness
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what is the purpose of antitussives. What are the side effects. In the pharmacokinetics
Act on the cough control center in the medulla to suppress a cough reflex, which is the cough center. Use for non productive and irritating cough. Reduce viscosity of tenacious secretions. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide or robitussin is a non-narcotic antitussive . Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and sedation. Onset 15 to 30 minutes, duration 36 hours, half life 11 hours
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What is the purpose of expectorants .
Loosens bronchial secretion so they can be eliminated by coughing
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What is guaifenesin
An expectorant
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What is dextromethorphan
An antitussive
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of Nasal decongestants versus systemic decongestants
Nasal decongestants work at the target organ, nasal area, localized effect. Oxymetazoline (Afrin) Nadal spray, rather than systemically like sudafedrin. Sudafed decreases effect of beta blockers.
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What is rebound congestion
It is caused by irritation of the nasal mucosa frequent use of decongestants or when used for more than 5 days, especially in nasal spray or drops, can result in intolerance, in which rebound congestion occurs
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What is the difference between antibiotic verses medications at control cold symptoms
Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial respiratory infections and the medications are used to treat or reduce the symptoms of a cold
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Review sympathomimetic and sympatholytic. How did it affect the respiratory system of smooth muscles
Nasal decongestants (localized effects) stimulate alpha-1 adrenergic receptors produces nasal vascular vasoconstruction shrinks nasal mucous membranes reduces nasal secretions
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