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anti-climax
a sudden disappointing decline in action after a previous rise
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argumentative essay
an essay that tries to prove a point by supporting it with evidence
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anecdotal evidence
information passed on by word of mouth, not documented or scientific
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aside
a few words or a short passage spoken by a character to the audience that is not heard (pretending to not hear) by other characters on stage
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atmosphere
the emotional tone of a story
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ballad
- a multi-stanza poem that tells a story and has a refrain
- oral, put to music
- folk, vernacular
- everyday topics such as family, unrequited love, death, work or living conditions
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ballad stanza
a four line rhyming stanza that is part of a ballad
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blank verse
poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. Shakespeare used this for most of his plays
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caricature
a distorted character resulting from the author's deliberate exaggeration of a trait or traits of personality
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catastrophe
the "turning downward" of the plot in classical tragedy--usually after the climax
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character foil
a character who makes a contrast with another, especially a minor character who helps set off a major character
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chorus
a band of singers and dancers that provides a religious and moral commentary on a story
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climatic order
to save the most important to last
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comedy
a ludicrous and amusing event or series of events in a work of literature
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couple
two lines of the same metrical length that rhyme to form a complet unit
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dnouement
the outcome of a series of events, the resolution that occurs after the climax of a work of literature
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descriptive essay
an essay that describes a person, place, or object
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didactic
writing used to teach or convince the reader of a particular point
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direct presentation
when the writer tells readers what kind of personality the character possesses rather than allowing the character to show his or her personality and allow readers to draw their own conclusions
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dissonance
the deliberate use of syllables or words that sound harsh together
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drama
writing presented in the form of a pantomime, play, or dialogue in front of an audience
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dramatic irony
a situation in a narrative or drama where the audience knows more than the character(s)
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dramatic monologue
when a single character addresses a silent audience at a critical moment and reveals something about himself or herself
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dramatic form
various literary forms that are related and include dramatic material
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editorial
an opinion piece about any topic
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elegy
a mournful poem; a lament for the dead
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emotional appeal
persuading an audience through the use of emotion
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epic
a poem that is a long narrative, has a hero or anti-hero, uses elevated language, and in which the outcome of a group of people is based on the success or failure of the protagonist
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epigram
a short verse at the beginning of a poem or novel
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epitath
an inscription carved on a tomb or gravestone; the last words spoken by a character before his or her death
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exposition
the "exposing" of the story behind the story; a act of writing a speech of the purpose of conveying information
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expository essay
a simple essay usually factual and written without emotion
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external conflict
a struggle between two opposing characters or forces
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parallelism
writing structure where different paragraphs or stanzas are organized in the same manner
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pastoral
writing that has the characteristics of simplicity, charm, serenity, and a rural setting
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pathos
writing that evokes feeling of sympathy and compassion
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personal essay
an essay that pertains to personal feeling and experiences and is written in first person
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persuasive essay
an essay that meant to induce action of belief on the part of the reader
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point of view
the way a story is written; can be first person, second person, or third person; objective, limited omniscient, or omniscient
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quatrain
a four lined stanza that can be rhymed or unrhymed
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refrain
a line or lines that are repeated in music or verse
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rhythm
a pattern of stressed and unstressed sounds in poetry
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sestet
a six line poem or stanza
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sonnet
a 14 line poem usually written in iambic pentameter; can be Shakespearean or Italian
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speaker
the "voice" used by an author to tell a story or speak a poem
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stream of consciousness
a running or flowing way a character or narrator expresses his/her feelings and inner-most thoughts
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synecdoche
a part of an object is used to represent the whole: "nice wheels!"
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tone
the author's implicit attitude toward the reader or the places, people, and events in a work of literature
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voice
the dominating tone of a literary work, not always identifiable with the actual views of the author
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